ASTM A534-14
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings
Standard Specification for Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for carburizing steels to be used in anti-friction bearings. Materials shall conform to carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, oxygen, and aluminum contents. Materials shall adhere to inclusion ratings set for thin and heavy series. Grain size and hardenability requirements shall be followed. Decarburization and surface imperfections of hot-rolled, cold-finished, or annealed bars and tubes shall not exceed specified limits as measured through microscopical methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carburizing bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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Designation: A534 −14
Standard Specification for
Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
Blooms, and Forgings
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carburiz-
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
ing bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture of
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
anti-friction bearings.
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-
provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
ization of Steel Specimens
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2.2 ISO Standard:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. 3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
2. Referenced Documents
include the following information:
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.1 Quantity,
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
3.1.2 Alloy grade identification,
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought 3.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel 3.1.4 Dimensions, shape, and
A304 Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Bars Subject 3.1.5 Supplementary requirements.
to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
4. Materials and Manufacture
A510/A510M Specification for General Requirements for
Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and
4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable of
Alloy Steel
providing a high quality product meeting the requirements of
A519 Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel
this specification.
Mechanical Tubing
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
5. Chemical Composition and Analysis
cal Analysis of Steel Products
5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shown
A752 Specification for General Requirements forWire Rods
in Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.
and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel (Withdrawn 2011)
5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
steel manufacturer in accordance withTest Methods, Practices,
Steel
and Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus deter-
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1
for the ordered grade, or to other requirements agreed upon
between manufacturer and purchaser.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser in
A01.28 on Bearing Steels.
accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
A751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be in
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A534 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/A0534-14.
accordance with Specification A29/A29M, Practices, and Ter-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
minology.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
www.astm.org. la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A534 − 14
A,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
C D
Number Name C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni Mo Cu (max) O (max) Al (max)
. . . 4118H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.70 . . . 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4320H 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 1.55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4620H 0.17 - 0.23 0.35 - 0.75 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 1.55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4720H 0.17 - 0.23 0.45 - 0.75 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.60 0.85 - 1.25 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4817H 0.14 - 0.20 0.30 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4820H 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.80 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 5120H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.60 - 1.00 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 8617H 0.14 - 0.20 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 8620H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 9310H 0.07 - 0.13 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 1.00 - 1.45 2.95 - 3.55 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B20 20Cr3 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.60 - 1.00 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B21 20Cr4 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B22 20MnCr4-2 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B23 17MnCr5 0.14 - 0.19 1.00 - 1.30 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.80 - 1.10 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B24 19MnCr5 0.17 - 0.22 1.10 - 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.30 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B25 15CrMo4 0.12 - 0.18 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B26 20CrMo4 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B27 20MnCrMo4-2 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . 0.10 - 0.20 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B28 20NiCrMo2 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.35 - 0.65 0.40 - 0.70 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B29 20NiCrMo7 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.35 - 0.65 1.60 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B30 18CrNiMo7-6 0.15 - 0.21 0.50 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.50 - 1.80 1.40 - 1.70 0.25 - 0.35 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B31 18NiCrMo14-6 0.15 - 0.20 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.30 - 1.60 3.25 - 3.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B32 16NiCrMo16-5 0.14 - 0.18 0.25 - 0.55 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.40 3.80 - 4.30 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
A
Elements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.
B
Intentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.
C
Steels B20 through B32 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.
D
Oxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.
6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations two usable plates constitute a heat, two of the sample ingots
shall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where a
6.1 The size and shape of the material shall be agreed upon
single usable plate constitutes a heat, any three random ingots
between manufacturer and purchaser.
may be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreed
6.2 Dimensional tolerances shall conform to the require-
upon by manufacturer and purchaser.
ments specified in Specifications A29/A29M, A510/A510M,
7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samples
A519,or A752 as appropriate for the material or as agreed
representingthefirst,middle,andlastusableportionoftheheat
between manufacturer and purchaser.
cast shall be examined.At least one sample shall be taken from
each strand.
6.3 The dimensional tolerances for the forgings shall con-
form to the requirements of the engineering drawing.
7.3 Inclusion Rating—The polished face of the specimens
3 3
shall be ⁄8 by ⁄4 in. (9.5 by 19.1 mm) and shall be taken from
7. Quality Assurance
an area halfway between the center and outside of the billet or
7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality of
forged sections. The polished face shall be longitudinal to the
the material furnished and shall make the necessary tests to
direction of rolling. The scale used for rating the specimens
ensure this quality. The supplier shall be required to report on
shall be the Jernkontoret chart described in Test Methods E45,
the results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below.
MethodA, Plate I-A. Fields with sizes or numbers of all types
Quality tests shown in 7.2 through 7.3 are based upon
of inclusions intermediate between configurations shown on
procedures established in Test Methods E45.
the chart shall be classified as the lesser of the rating number.
The worst field of each inclusion type from each specimen
7.2 Sampling—Samples taken in accordance with the fol-
shall be recorded as the rating for the specimen. Two thirds of
lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4-in. (102 by
all specimens and at least one from each ingot tested, or from
102-mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be made
the first, middle, and last portion of the strands tested, as well
on smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.
as the aver
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A534 − 09 A534 − 14
Standard Specification for
Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carburizing bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction
bearings.
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
A304 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
A510A510/A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy
Steel
A519 Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A752 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel (Withdrawn 2011)
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by
Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following information:
3.1.1 Quantity,
3.1.2 Alloy grade identification,
3.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,
3.1.4 Dimensions, shape, and
3.1.5 Supplementary requirements.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.28
on Bearing Steels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2009November 2014. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
as A534 – 04.A534 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/A0534-09.10.1520/A0534-14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale CP 56, CH-1211,CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland,
http://www.iso.ch.http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A534 − 14
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable of providing a high quality product meeting the requirements of this
specification.
5. Chemical Composition and Analysis
5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shown in Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.
5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 for the
ordered grade, or to other requirements agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
Permissible variations in product analysis shall be in accordance with Specification A29/A29M, Practices, and Terminology.
6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
6.1 The size and shape of the material shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
6.2 Dimensional tolerances shall conform to the requirements specified in Specifications A29/A29M, A510A510/A510M,
A519, or A752 as appropriate for the material or as agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
6.3 The dimensional tolerances for the forgings shall conform to the requirements of the engineering drawing.
7. Quality Assurance
7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality of the material furnished and shall make the necessary tests to ensure
this quality. The supplier shall be required to report on the results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below. Quality tests
shown in 7.2 through 7.3 are based upon procedures established in Test Methods E45.
7.2 Sampling—Samples taken in accordance with the following paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4-in. (102 by 102-mm)
rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be made on smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser. A minimum
3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sections is required for strand cast products.
7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samples representing the top and bottom of the first, middle, and last usable
ingots shall be examined.
7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of six samples shall be examined and they shall represent the top and bottom
of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at random from the first usable plate poured, one ingot, at random, from the usable plate
poured nearest to the middle of the heat and one ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. When two usable plates
A,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
C D
Number Name C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni Mo Cu (max) O (max) Al (max)
. . . 4118H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.70 . . . 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4320H 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 1.55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4620H 0.17 - 0.23 0.35 - 0.75 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 1.55 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4720H 0.17 - 0.23 0.45 - 0.75 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.30 - 0.60 0.85 - 1.25 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4817H 0.14 - 0.20 0.30 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4820H 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.80 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 . . . 3.20 - 3.80 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 5120H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.60 - 1.00 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 8617H 0.14 - 0.20 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 8620H 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.35 - 0.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 9310H 0.07 - 0.13 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.15 - 0.35 1.00 - 1.45 2.95 - 3.55 0.08 - 0.15 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B20 20Cr3 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 1.00 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.60 - 1.00 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B21 20Cr4 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B22 20MnCr4-2 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B23 17MnCr5 0.14 - 0.19 1.00 - 1.30 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.80 - 1.10 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B24 19MnCr5 0.17 - 0.22 1.10 - 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.30 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B25 15CrMo4 0.12 - 0.18 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B26 20CrMo4 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 - 1.20 . . . 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B27 20MnCrMo4-2 0.17 - 0.23 0.65 - 1.10 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.40 - 0.75 . . . 0.10 - 0.20 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B28 20NiCrMo2 0.17 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.95 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.35 - 0.65 0.40 - 0.70 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B29 20NiCrMo7 0.17 - 0.23 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.35 - 0.65 1.60 - 2.00 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B30 18CrNiMo7-6 0.15 - 0.21 0.50 - 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.50 - 1.80 1.40 - 1.70 0.25 - 0.35 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B31 18NiCrMo14-6 0.15 - 0.20 0.40 - 0.70 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.30 - 1.60 3.25 - 3.75 0.15 - 0.25 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B32 16NiCrMo16-5 0.14 - 0.18 0.25 - 0.55 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 1.00 - 1.40 3.80 - 4.30 0.20 - 0.30 0.30 0.0020 0.050
A
Elements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.
B
Intentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.
C
Steels B20 through B32 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.
D
Oxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.
A534 − 14
constitute a heat, two of the sample ingots shall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where a single usable plate
constitutes a heat, any three random ingots may be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreed upon by manufacturer
and purchaser.
7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samples representing the first, middle, and last usable portion of the heat cast
shall be examined. At least one sample shall be taken from each strand.
3 3
7.3 Inclusion Rating—The polished face of the specimens shall be ⁄8 by ⁄4 in. (9.5 by 19.1 mm) and shall be taken from an
area halfway
...
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