ASTM A295/A295M-14(2020)
(Specification)Standard Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
Standard Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
ABSTRACT
This specification covers high-carbon bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings. Materials shall conform to chemical compositions as specified herein, and to physical size and shape as agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. Steels shall exhibit fine fracture grain size when quenched from normal austenitizing temperatures. Decarburization and surface imperfections shall not exceed the limits also specified herein. When annealing is specified in the order, the steel shall adhere to hardness requirements and have a completely spheroidized microstructure, which shall accordingly be rated and reported as carbide size, carbide network, and lamellar content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high-carbon bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A295/A295M −14 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA295/A295M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
Blooms, and Forgings
1.1 This specification covers high-carbon bearing-quality
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
Alloys by Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion
provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
Techniques
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-
ization of Steel Specimens
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to 2.2 ISO Document:
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be ISO 683, Part 17 Ball and roller bearing steels
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3. Ordering Information
systems shall not be combined.
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
include the following information:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 Quantity,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 Grade identification,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.4 Dimensions, and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if included.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Process
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable of
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
providing a high quality product meeting the requirements of
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
this specification.
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
5. Chemical Composition and Analysis
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shown
cal Analysis of Steel Products
in Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.
A892 Guide for Defining and Rating the Microstructure of
5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the
High Carbon Bearing Steels
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of steel manufacturer in accordance withTest Methods, Practices,
and Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus deter-
Steel
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1
for the ordered grade or to other requirements agreed upon
between manufacturer and purchaser.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, 5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser in
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology
A01.28 on Bearing and Power Transmission Steels.
A751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be in
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally
accordance with Specification A29/A29M.
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A295/A295M–14.
DOI: 10.1520/A0295_A0295M–14R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
the ASTM website. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A295/A295M − 14 (2020)
A, B
TABLE 1 Composition
C D
Name C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni (max) Mo Cu (max) O (max) Al (max)
E
52100 0.93-1.05 0.25-0.45 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 1.35-1.60 0.25 0.10 (max) 0.30 0.0015 0.050
5195 0.90-1.03 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 0.70-0.90 0.25 0.10 (max) 0.30 0.0015 0.050
5090M 0.89-1.01 0.50-0.80 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 0.40-0.60 0.25 0.08-0.15 0.30 0.0015 0.050
1070M 0.65-0.75 0.80-1.10 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 0.20 (max) 0.25 0.10 (max) 0.30 0.0015 0.050
5160 0.56-0.64 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 0.70-0.90 0.25 0.10 (max) 0.30 0.0015 0.050
A
Elements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.
B
Intentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.
C
Oxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.
D
Total aluminum content.
E
Specified element ranges meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Table 3, NO. B1, 100CR6.
6. Sizes, Shapes, and Dimensional Tolerances may be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreed
upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
6.1 The physical size and shape of the material shall be
7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samples
agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
representing the first, middle, and last portion of the heat cast
6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-rolled and
shall be examined. At least one sample shall be taken from
annealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finished
each strand.
bars0.500in.[12.5mm]andlargerindiameterfurnishedunder
3 3
7.3 Inclusion Rating—The specimens shall be ⁄8 in. by ⁄4
thisspecificationshallconformtotherequirementsspecifiedin
in. [10 mm by 20 mm] and shall be taken from an area halfway
the latest edition of Specification A29/A29M.
between the center and outside of the billet. The polished face
6.3 Dimensional tolerances for cold-finished coils for ball
shall be longitudinal to the direction of rolling. The scale used
and roller material shall be as shown in Table 2.
for rating the specimens shall be the Jernkontoret chart
6.4 Coil tolerances also apply to cold-finished straight described in Test Methods E45, Plate I-A. Fields with sizes or
numbers of all types of inclusions intermediate between
lengths under 0.500 in. [12.5 mm] in diameter.
configurations shown on the chart shall be classified as the
7. Quality Tests
lesser of the rating number. The worst field of each inclusion
type from each specimen shall be recorded as the rating for the
7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality of
specimen. Two thirds of all specimens and at least one from
the material furnished and shall make the necessary tests to
ensure this quality. The supplier shall be required to report each ingot tested, or from the first, middle, and last portion of
the strands tested, as well as the average of all specimens, shall
results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below.
not exceed the rating specified in Table 3. If specifically
Quality tests shown in 7.2 and 7.3 are based upon procedures
ordered and certified to Supplementary Requirement S4, Type
established in Test Methods E45.
Ainclusion ratings shall not exceed 3.0 thin and 2.0 heavy. See
7.2 Sampling—Samples taken in accordance with the fol-
S4.1.
lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 in. by 4 in. [100
mm by 100 mm] rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be
8. Grain Size
made on smaller or larger sections by agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser. A minimum 3 to 1 reduction of 8.1 The steels covered by this specification shall have the
capability of showing a fine fracture grain size (approximately
rolled billets or forged sections is required for strand cast
products. ASTM No. 8 in accordance with Test Methods E112) when
quenched from normal austenitizing temperatures not exceed-
7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samples
ing 1550 °F [840 °C].
representing the top and bottom of the first, middle, and last
usable ingots shall be examined.
7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of six 9. Decarburization and Surface Imperfections
samples shall be examined and they shall represent the top and
9.1 Decarburization and surface imperfections shall not
bottom of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at random
exceed the limits specified in Tables 4 and 5. Decarburization
from the first usable plate poured, one ingot, at random, from
shall be measured using the microscopical methods described
the usable plate poured nearest to the middle of the heat, and
in Test Methods E1077.
one ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. When
two usable plates constitute a heat, two of the sample ingots
shall be selected from the
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