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ASTM F2703-08(2013)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Unsteady-State Heat Transfer Evaluation of Flame Resistant Materials for Clothing with Burn Injury Prediction

Standard Test Method for Unsteady-State Heat Transfer Evaluation of Flame Resistant Materials for Clothing with Burn Injury Prediction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of a thermal performance estimate value of a material, a combination of materials, or a comparison of different materials used in flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to combined convective and radiant thermal hazards.  
5.2 This test method evaluates a material’s heat transfer properties when exposed to a heat exposure at a constant value and specific duration. Air movement at the face of the specimen and around the calorimeter can affect the measured heat transferred due to forced convective heat losses. Minimizing air movement around the specimen and test apparatus will aid in the repeatability of the results.  
5.3 This test method accounts for the thermal energy stored in the exposed test specimen after the heat exposure has ceased. Higher values of Thermal Performance Estimate ratings determined in this test associate to higher values of thermal (convective and radiative) energy protection against a predicted skin burn injury.  
5.4 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, horizontal position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
5.5 This test method specifies a standardized 84 ± 2 kW/m2 (2 ± 0.05 cal/cm2s) exposure condition. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. Other exposure conditions representative of the expected hazard are allowed but shall be reported with the results along with a determination of the exposure energy level stability.  
5.6 This test method contains optional provisions for conducting certification testing against a prescribed Thermal Performance Estimate value.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the non-steady state heat transfer through flame resistant materials for clothing subjected to a combined convective and radiant heat exposure.  
1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to materials that are not flame resistant.Note 1—The determination of a material’s flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable performance or specification standard, or both, for the material’s end-use.  
1.1.2 This test method accounts for the thermal energy contained in an exposed test specimen after the standardized combined convective and radiant heat exposure has ceased and is used to estimate performance to a predicted second-degree skin burn injury.  
1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2013
ICS
13.340.10 - Protective clothing
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.80 - Flame and Thermal
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F2703-08(2013) - Standard Test Method for Unsteady-State Heat Transfer Evaluation of Flame Resistant Materials for Clothing with Burn Injury PredictionASTM F2703-08(2013) - Standard Test Method for Unsteady-State Heat Transfer Evaluation of Flame Resistant Materials for Clothing with Burn Injury Prediction
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ASTM F2703-08(2013) - Standard Test Method for Unsteady-State Heat Transfer Evaluation of Flame Resistant Materials for Clothing with Burn Injury Prediction
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2703 − 08 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Unsteady-State Heat Transfer Evaluation of Flame Resistant
1
Materials for Clothing with Burn Injury Prediction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2703; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method measures the non-steady state heat 2.1 ASTM Standards:
transferthroughflameresistantmaterialsforclothingsubjected D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
to a combined convective and radiant heat exposure. D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to materials that are D1777Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
not flame resistant. D3776Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
Fabric
NOTE 1—The determination of a material’s flame resistance shall be
E457Test Method for Measuring Heat-Transfer Rate Using
made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable
a Thermal Capacitance (Slug) Calorimeter
performance or specification standard, or both, for the material’s end-use.
F1494Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
1.1.2 This test method accounts for the thermal energy
contained in an exposed test specimen after the standardized
3. Terminology
combinedconvectiveandradiantheatexposurehasceasedand
is used to estimate performance to a predicted second-degree 3.1 Definitions:
skin burn injury. 3.1.1 breakopen, n—in testing thermal protective materials,
amaterialresponseevidencedbytheformationofaholeinthe
1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the
test specimen during the thermal exposure that may result in
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under
the exposure energy in direct contact with the heat sensor.
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The specimen is considered to exhibit
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
breakopen when a hole is produced as a result of the thermal
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
2 2
exposure that is at least 3.2 cm (0.5 in. ) in area or at least 2.5
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
cm (1.0 in.) in any dimension. Single threads across the
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
opening or hole do not reduce the size of the hole for the
conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly
purposes of this test method.
used for thermal testing.
3.1.2 charring, n—the formation of a carbonaceous residue
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.1.3 dripping,n—amaterialresponseevidencedbyflowing
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
of the polymer.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.1.4 embrittlement, n—the formation of a brittle residue as
limitations prior to use.
a result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.5 heat flux, n—the thermal intensity indicated by the
2
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
amountofenergytransmitteddividedbyareaandtime;kW/m
2
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(cal/cm ·s).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.6 ignition, n—the initiation of combustion.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.7 melting, n—a material response evidenced by soften-
ing of the polymer.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF23onPersonal
ProtectiveClothingandEquipmentandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
2
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2703-08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2703-08R13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2703 − 08 (2013)
3.1.8 unsteady state heat transfer value, n—in testing of 4.3 A Thermal Performance Estimate value of the test
thermal protective materials, a quantity expressed as t
...

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1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments and devices worn to protect the lower body (legs) when operating a chainsaw.  
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to minimum performance requirements in established safety standards.  
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, or as required by established safety standards, it will be decided if this test method will be used to determine one or both of the following: (1) chain speed 50 (CS50), and (2) success/failure (jamming/chain stop or no cut in less than 1.5 s) at specified chain speed.  
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5.2.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.  
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1.1 This specification establishes minimum requirements for the performance and labeling of isolation gowns intended for use by healthcare workers to provide protection for standard and transmission-based precautions. The intended use of this specification is to ensure the performance properties of isolation gowns for the protection of the wearer. Four levels of barrier properties for isolation gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB 70, and are included in this specification for reference purposes.  
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1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.  
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
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Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

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4.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss provided by fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, is of considerable importance in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems.  
4.1.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, thermal resistance values, evaporative resistance values, and total heat loss measured on a hot plate may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the performance of clothing systems worn by people. Clothing weight, drape, tightness of fit, and so forth, can minimize or even neutralize the apparent differences between fabrics or fabric assemblies measured by this test method.  
4.3 The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems and items can be measured with a heated sweating manikin in an environmental chamber in accordance with Test Methods F1291, F2370, and F3426.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss under steady-state conditions of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.  
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m2/W and for intrinsic evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m 2/W. The total heat loss range is from 0.0 to 1300 W/m2.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are provided in this standard but are not regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.2 This test method only addresses that range of cutting hazards that are related to a cutting action by a smooth sharp edge across the surface of the material. It is not representative of any other cutting hazard to which the material may be subjected, such as serrated edges, saw blades, or motorized cutting tools. Nor is it representative of puncture, tear, or other modes of fabric failure.
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ASTM F3628-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much energy is released back to the skin is critical in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems or athletic wear.  
4.1.1 The cooling energy released back to the wearer can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using standard results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 This test method accounts for a clothing material’s ability to assist in evaporating liquid water during a sweating phase, as well as its ability to dry after the cessation of sweating.  
4.2.1 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials during active work (sweating) is often seen as a positive, as it would assist in keeping the body cooler.  
4.2.2 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials after active work (no sweating) is often seen as a negative, as it known to cause a chilling effect to the wearer.  
4.2.3 The longer it takes for a clothing material to dry after becoming wet is perceived as a negative, as it increases the potential for chilling the wearer.  
4.3 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is, however, an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, the cooling provided from liquid evaporation may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the perfo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cooling energy released back to the wearer’s skin by a clothing material’s ability to move and evaporate controlled dosages of water under controlled ambient conditions using a sweating hot plate.  
1.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the cooling energy during a simulated “sweating” phase and in a drying phase. Calculations are also provided to determine the drying time and how efficient the clothing material is at assisting in the evaporation of liquid water by comparing it to the maximum amount of energy that can be lost.  
1.2 This test method does not address all properties that affect a clothing material’s ability to lose heat from the body. Consider measuring properties such as air permeability, insulation, and evaporative resistance.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3267-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Protective Clothing for Use Against Liquid Chemotherapy and Other Liquid Hazardous Drugs

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, documentation, and labeling requirements and provides test methods for protective clothing used in preventing exposure to liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.1.1 The principal requirement of this specification is permeation resistance testing of the protective clothing barrier material and seams to a specified battery of seven chemotherapy drugs. Two levels of protective clothing barrier material and seam performance are established for complying with Part A labeling requirements specific to these seven liquid chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.1 Broad chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.2 Selective chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for at least five of the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.  
1.1.2 It is also possible to report permeation resistance test results for additional liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs of interest as determined by the manufacturer or end user organization using the same breakthrough detection criteria for individual drugs for complying with the Part B labeling requirements.  
1.1.3 Protective clothing meeting this specification is also required to meet minimum flammability requirements, and if used as a medical device, biocompatibility (if used for breached skin contact), and demonstrate sterility assurance, if sterilized prior to use.  
1.1.4 Physical properties that indicate the strength, durability, and breathability of the protective clothing are optionally reported.  
1.1.5 Additional requirements are established for the label and user information to be provided for protective clothing meeting this specification.  
1.1.6 This specification also requires products intended to be used as medical devices such as surgical gowns and isolation gowns to meet the respective requirements of AAMI PB70, Specification F2407/F2407M, and Specification F3352/F3352M, as applicable.  
1.2 This specification does not address all conditions of exposure for individuals who wear protective clothing in the manufacture, transport, compounding, preparation, and administration of liquid chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs in addition to patient care activities and spills where contaminated items with these drugs are encountered.  
1.3 This specification does not address chemotherapy drugs or hazardous drugs that may be encountered in the form of a vapor or aerosol and does not provide any criteria for respiratory protection.  
1.4 This specification does not address the selection, use, or care of protective clothing used for protection against liquid chemotherapy or other liquid hazardous drugs. While this specification does not specifically determine which barrier material to select, the results of the tests described in this specification are useful for selecting barrier materials by comparing the test results among different materials under consideration. See USP 800, Hazardous Drugs—Handling In Healthcare Settings, for specific guidelines on the selection, use, and care of personal protective equipment for protection of healthcare workers against chemotherapy or other hazardous drugs.  
1.5 This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturers or suppliers to make specific claims that protective clothing products provide protection against liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u...

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