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ASTM E578-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring Systems

Standard Test Method for Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring Systems

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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the limits of the linearity of response with fluorescence intensity of fluorescence-measuring systems under operating conditions. Particular attention is given to slit widths, filters, and sample containers. This test method can be used to test the overall linearity under a wide variety of instrumental and sampling conditions. The results obtained apply only to the tested combination of slit width and filters, and the size, type and illumination of the sample cuvette, all of which must be stated in the report. The sources of nonlinearity may be the measuring electronics, excessive absorption of either the exciting or emitted radiation, or both, and the sample handling technique, particularly at low concentrations.
1.2 This test method has been applied to fluorescence-measuring systems utilizing continuous and low-energy excitation sources (for example, an excitation source of 450-W electrical input or less). There is no assurance that extremely intense illumination will not cause photodecomposition of the compounds suggested in this test method. For this reason it is recommended that this test method not be indiscriminately employed with high-intensity light sources. It is not a test method to determine the linearity of response of other materials. If this test method is extended to employ other chemical substances, the principles within can be applied, but new material parameters, such as the concentration range of linearity, must be established. The user should be aware of the possibility that these other substances may undergo decomposition, or adsorption onto containers.
1.3 This test method is applicable to 10-mm pathlength cuvette formats and instruments covering a wavelength range within 190 to 900 nm. The use of other sample formats has not been established with this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2001
ICS
17.180.30 - Optical measuring instruments
Technical Committee
E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
Drafting Committee
E13.01 - Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Luminescence Spectroscopy
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E578-83(1998) - Standard Test Method for Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring Systems
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Replaced By
ASTM E578-07 - Standard Test Method for Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring Systems
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM E579-04(2023) - Standard Test Method for Limit of Detection of Fluorescence of Quinine Sulfate in Solution
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM E2143-01(2021) - Standard Test Method for Using Field-Portable Fiber Optics Synchronous Fluorescence Spectrometer for Quantification of Field Samples for Aromatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM E2719-09(2022) - Standard Guide for Fluorescence—Instrument Calibration and Qualification
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM E3029-15(2023) - Standard Practice for Determining Relative Spectral Correction Factors for Emission Signal of Fluorescence Spectrometers
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5412-93(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Quantification of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures or Petroleum Oils in Water
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001

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ASTM E578-01 - Standard Test Method for Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring SystemsASTM E578-01 - Standard Test Method for Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring Systems
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ASTM E578-01 - Standard Test Method for Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring Systems
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E578–01
Standard Test Method for
1
Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the
limitsofthelinearityofresponsewithfluorescenceintensityof
2. Summary of Test Method
fluorescence-measuring systems under operating conditions.
2.1 This procedure is used for testing the linearity of
Particular attention is given to slit widths, filters, and sample
fluorescence-measuring systems by using solutions of quinine
containers. This test method can be used to test the overall
sulfate dihydrate in sulfuric acid as standard test solutions.
linearity under a wide variety of instrumental and sampling
Other stable solutions which may be more suitable to the user
conditions. The results obtained apply only to the tested
can be employed (Note 1). The standard used to determine
combination of slit width and filters, and the size, type and
linearity should be stated in the report.The fluorescence of the
illumination of the sample cuvette, all of which must be stated
test solution is measured in the measuring system with the
inthereport.Thesourcesofnonlinearitymaybethemeasuring
cuvettes, slits, or filters that are to be employed in projected
electronics, excessive absorption of either the exciting or
use.
emitted radiation, or both, and the sample handling technique,
particularly at low concentrations.
NOTE 1—A substitute standard should have the following properties:
1.2 This test method has been applied to fluorescence- (1)Itshouldhavealargequantumyieldatveryhighdilution;(2)itshould
be stable to the exciting radiation during spectral measurements; (3) its
measuring systems utilizing continuous and low-energy exci-
fluorescence and its absorption spectra overlap should be small; (4) its
tation sources (for example, an excitation source of 450-W
quantum yield should not be strongly concentration dependent; and (5)it
electrical input or less). There is no assurance that extremely
should have a broad emission spectrum, so that little error is introduced
intense illumination will not cause photodecomposition of the 3
when wide slits are used.
2
compounds suggested in this test method. For this reason it is
2.2 Upper Limit of Linearity—The fluorescence intensity of
recommended that this test method not be indiscriminately
a series of standard solutions is measured, the resultant
employed with high-intensity light sources. It is not a test
instrument readings are plotted against concentration on a
method to determine the linearity of response of other materi-
log-log graph, and a smooth curve is drawn through the data
als. If this test method is extended to employ other chemical
points.The point (concentration) at which the upper end of the
substances, the principles within can be applied, but new
curvedeviatesbymorethan5%ofthesignalfromthestraight
material parameters, such as the concentration range of linear-
line (defined by the center region of the curve) is taken as the
ity, must be established. The user should be aware of the
upper limit of linearity. The limit is expressed in micrograms
possibility that these other substances may undergo decompo-
per millilitre of quinine sulfate dihydrate.
sition, or adsorption onto containers.
1.3 This test method is applicable to 10-mm pathlength
NOTE 2—Absorption of the exciting radiation at high solute concentra-
cuvette formats and instruments covering a wavelength range tions is dependent on instrument geometry and pathlength, and can result
in fluorescence signal nonlinearity.
within190to900nm.Theuseofothersampleformatshasnot
been established with this test method.
2.3 LowerLimitofLinearity—Thelowerlimitoflinearityis
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
takenasthepoint(concentration)atwhichthelowerendofthe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
curve deviates from the straight line defined by the central
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
portion of the curve by more than twice the average percent
deviation of the points that determine the straight line.
1
3. Significance and Use
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on
Molecular Spectroscopy and Chromatography and is the direct responsibility of
3.1 The range of concentration of a fluorescing substance in
Subcommittee E13.01 on Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Lumines
...

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1.1 This practice describes two levels of tests to measure the performance of laboratory Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectrometers equipped with a standard sample holder used for transmission measurements.  
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1.2.5 For FT-IR spectrometers run in a step scan mode, variations on this practice and information provided by the instrument vendor should be used.  
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4.1 This practice permits an analyst to compare the general performance of a laboratory instrument on any given day with the prior performance of that instrument. This practice is not intended for comparison of different instruments with each other, nor is it directly applicable to dedicated process FT-NIR analyzers. This practice requires the use of a check sample compatible with the instrument under test as described in 5.3.
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1.1 This practice covers two levels of tests to measure the performance of laboratory Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometers. This practice applies to the short-wave near infrared region, approximately 800 nm (12 500 cm–1) to 1100 nm (9090.91 cm–1); and the long-wavelength near infrared region, approximately 1100 nm (9090.91 cm–1) to 2500 nm (4000 cm–1). This practice is intended mainly for transmittance measurements of gases and liquids, although it is broadly applicable for reflectance measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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4.1 These practices should be used by a person who develops an analytical method to ensure that the spectral bandwidths cited in the practice are actually the ones used.
Note 2: The method developer should establish the spectral bandwidths that can be used to obtain satisfactory results.  
4.2 These practices should be used to determine whether a spectral bandwidth specified in a method can be realized with a given spectrophotometer and thus whether the instrument is suitable for use in this application. If accurate absorbance measurements are to be made on compounds with sharp absorption bands (natural half band widths of less than 15 nm) the spectral bandwidth of the spectrometer used should be better than 1/8th of the natural half band width of the compound’s absorption.  
4.3 These practices allow the user of a spectrophotometer to estimate the actual spectral bandwidth of the instrument under a given set of conditions and to compare the result to the spectral bandwidth calculated from data given in the manufacturer's literature or indicated by the instrument.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for estimating the spectral bandwidth of a spectrophotometer in the wavelength region of 185 nm to 820 nm.  
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1.3 This practice does not cover the measurement of limiting spectral bandwidth, defined as the minimum spectral bandwidth achievable under optimum experimental conditions.  
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4.1 This practice is intended for all infrared spectroscopists who are using dispersive instruments for qualitative or quantitative areas of analysis.  
4.2 The purpose of this practice is to set forth performance guidelines for testing instruments used in developing an analytical method. These guidelines can be used to compare an instrument in a specific application with the instrument(s) used in developing the method.  
4.3 An infrared procedure must include a description of the instrumentation and of the performance needed to duplicate the precision and accuracy of the method.
SCOPE
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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