ASTM C1147-01(2006)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining the Short Term Tensile Weld Strength of Chemical-Resistant Thermoplastics
Standard Practice for Determining the Short Term Tensile Weld Strength of Chemical-Resistant Thermoplastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The mechanical performance of welded thermoplastic structures is largely dependent on the quality of the welding operation. Fabricators should determine that the proper welding procedures are being followed and that welders maintain their proficiency. Results from this practice are indicative of skill in proper welding procedures for different thermoplastic materials and the use of appropriate welding equipment. If the welded test specimens have short term weld factors that meet or exceed the minimums as set forth in this practice, or as agreed to by supplier and user, it may be concluded that, with the same degree of skill and diligence by the welder, acceptable welds should be obtained in fabricated structures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and evaluation of joints between two pieces of weldable grades of thermoplastic materials, backed and unbacked, (such as those shown in ) up to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness.
1.2 Since there are numerous new technologies and techniques constantly being developed for plastic welding, there are no profiles and procedures that can be considered as standard for all plastics at various thicknesses. This practice is not intended to define profiles and procedures; however, it is intended to establish methods to evaluate minimum short term weld factors to be achieved by the welder for the respective plastics.
1.3 Weld procedures used for test pieces should reflect procedures to be used in actual fabrication.
1.4 Welding methods to be used could include machine welding, extrusion welding, and hot gas welding.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:C1147 −01(Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Short Term Tensile Weld Strength of
Chemical-Resistant Thermoplastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and evaluation of
4.1 The sheets are prepared and welded. Tensile test speci-
joints between two pieces of weldable grades of thermoplastic mens containing a section of the weld are prepared and tested.
materials, backed and unbacked, (such as those shown in Table
Specimens of unwelded sheet are tested and compared to the
1) up to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness. welded specimens. The short term weld factor determined is
compared to the standard (see Table 2), or to the factor agreed
1.2 Since there are numerous new technologies and tech-
upon between the supplier and the user.
niques constantly being developed for plastic welding, there
are no profiles and procedures that can be considered as
5. Significance and Use
standard for all plastics at various thicknesses. This practice is
not intended to define profiles and procedures; however, it is
5.1 The mechanical performance of welded thermoplastic
intended to establish methods to evaluate minimum short term
structures is largely dependent on the quality of the welding
weld factors to be achieved by the welder for the respective
operation. Fabricators should determine that the proper weld-
plastics.
ing procedures are being followed and that welders maintain
their proficiency. Results from this practice are indicative of
1.3 Weld procedures used for test pieces should reflect
skill in proper welding procedures for different thermoplastic
procedures to be used in actual fabrication.
materials and the use of appropriate welding equipment. If the
1.4 Welding methods to be used could include machine
welded test specimens have short term weld factors that meet
welding, extrusion welding, and hot gas welding.
or exceed the minimums as set forth in this practice, or as
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
agreed to by supplier and user, it may be concluded that, with
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for thesamedegreeofskillanddiligencebythewelder,acceptable
information only.
welds should be obtained in fabricated structures.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 Theapparatusforweldingshallconsistofthefollowing:
C904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonme-
6.1.1 Welding Device, suitable for joining thermoplastics.
tallic Materials
6.1.2 Air Supply, when needed, conforming to Test Method
D4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-
D4285.
pressed Air
6.1.3 Temperature Measuring Device , capable of measur-
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
ing the welding temperature to within 61 % for the specific
3. Terminology plastic as set forth in Table 1.
6.1.4 Clamps, suitable for holding the specimen while
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
welding.
practice, see Terminology C904.
6.1.5 Saw, suitable for cutting thermoplastic sheet.
6.1.6 Sander, Router, Joiner, or Saw, suitable for beveling
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C03 on Chemical-
edges of sheet.
Resistant Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C03.03 on Thermoplastics, Thermosets, and Elastomers.
6.2 Theapparatusfortestingtensionspecimensshallconsist
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
of the following:
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C1147 – 01. DOI:
10.1520/C1147-01R06.
6.2.1 Tensile Machine—A testing machine capable of pull-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ing the specimens at a rate of 2 6 0.1 in./min (50 6 2.5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mm/min) of crosshead movement (speed of movement when
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the machine is running without a load).
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C1147−01 (2006)
TABLE 1 Typical Guide for Hot Gas Welding Temperatures
NOTE 1—For other welding techniques, consult material and equipment
supplier for recommendations.
A B
°F Recommended Gas Type
HDPE 500–600 Nitrogen or Air
PP 550–600 Nitrogen or Air
PVC 500–550 Air
CPVC 550–660 Air
PVDF 650–680 Nitrogen or Air
ECTFE 665–695 Nitrogen
ETFE 675–710 Air
FEP 650–725 Air
PFA 675–750 Air
MFA 536–554 Air
A
Measured ⁄4 in. inside weld tip, directly in gas stream.
B
Inert gas may be used in place of air.
TABLE 2 Minimum Short Term Weld Factors
FIG. 1 Test Pieces
Thermoplastic Hot Gas Extrusion Hot Plate
HDPE 0.8 0.8 0.9
7.1.2 Edge Preparation—Bevel one 18 in. (450 mm) edge
PP 0.8 0.8 0.9
A
of each 5 by 18 in. piece in preparation for welding. Beveling
PVC 0.8 0.9
A
CPVC 0.6 0.8
shall be done using suitable apparatus such as routers, sanders,
PVDF 0.8 0.8 0.9
joiners, or saws, that accurately reflect methods utilized in the
ECTFE 0.9 0.9 0.9
ETFE 0.9 0.9 0.9 field. Typical bevel profiles for the various sheet thicknesses
FEP 0.9 0.9 0.9
are illustrated in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. These profiles are optional
A
TFE (PFA Filler) 0.9 0.9
and do not have to be used by the fabricator to meet the weld
PFA 0.9 0.9 0.9
test standard, however, experience has shown that the use of
A
Not applicable.
beveled edges is advantageous to weld quality in sheet greater
than 60 mils (1.5 mm) in thickness in hot gas and extrusion
welding processes. Do not use solvents or other chemicals for
cleaning the beveled surfaces that in any way will adversely
6.2.1.1 The rate of movement between heads of the testing
affect the properties of the plastic. The cleaning operation
machineshallremainessentiallyconstantunderchangingloads
should not in any way alter the profile or bevel of the edge.
(see Note 1).
Details of bevels and test procedures used should accompany
NOTE 1—It is difficult to meet this requirement when loads are
test specimens and the report of test results.
measured with a spring type or pendulum type weighing device.
7.1.3 Welding Procedure—Securely clamp the test sheets to
6.2.1.2 The testing machine shall measure the load to within
be welded to a suitable fixture and adjust welding device
1 %. The testing range shall be so selected that the maximum
temperature as specified in Table 1. Weld two specimens, one
load on the specimen falls between 15 and 85 % of the full
vertically to simulate tank walls, and one horizontally to
scale capacity.
simulate tank floors. If a machine such as a hot plate welder or
6.2.1.3 The use of autographic equipment to record the load
other equipment that is in a fixed position is being used, the
versus head movement is recommended.
two test sp
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