ASTM E823-81(1995)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Nonoperational Exposure and Inspection of a Solar Collector
Standard Practice for Nonoperational Exposure and Inspection of a Solar Collector
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines the procedure to expose a solar thermal collector to an outdoor or simulated outdoor environment in a nonoperational model. The procedure provides for periodic inspections and a post-exposure disassembly and inspection of the collector.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: E 823 – 81 (Reapproved 1995) An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Nonoperational Exposure and Inspection of a Solar
Collector
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in October 1995.
1. Scope 3.4 This practice applies to all solar thermal collector types.
1.1 This practice defines the procedure to expose a solar
4. Test Specimen
thermal collector to an outdoor or simulated outdoor environ-
4.1 The exposure specimen shall consist of a complete
ment in a nonoperational model. The procedure provides for
collector. The collector specimens may be equipped with
periodic inspections and a post-exposure disassembly and
self-contained, self-actuated protective devices.
inspection of the collector.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Collector Mounting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 The exposure specimen shall consist of a complete air or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
liquid solar collector undergoing the nonoperational mode
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
exposure. Cap (not seal) all inlet, outlet, and vent ports not
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
normally exposed to rain.
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 Locate the exposure rack such that it is clear of
obstruction that may cause shadows or nonuniform reflections
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 on the collector.
E 772 Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion
5.3 During exposure, mount the collector to the exposure
E 892 Tables for Terrestrial Solar Spectral Irradiance at Air
rack in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. When
Mass 1.5 for a 37° Tilted Surface
specific exposure mounting instructions are not provided,
2.2 ASHRAE Standard:
mount the collector to permit air movement on all sides and
93-77 Methods of Testing to Determine the Thermal Perfor-
3 edges. Cover the collector for protection from the weather
mance of Solar Collectors
elements until the exposure period commences.
3. Significance and Use
6. Nonoperational Mode Exposure
3.1 Exposure in a nonoperational mode provides for condi-
6.1 Mount the collector securely to an adjustable rack,
tioning and assessment of the physical appearance of a solar
prepare for nonoperational mode, and expose at the following
collector resulting from moderately severe solar irradiation,
conditions:
ambient temperature, and effects of moisture on the various
6.1.1 A minimum of 30 days during which, for each day, the
materials or construction.
cumulative minimum radiant exposure, measured in the plane
3.2 This practice describes actual exposure conditions that
2 2
of the collector, shall be 17 000 kJ/m ·day (1500 Btu/ft ·day).
have a high probability of occurring sometime during the
Minimum conditions do not need to be met for 30 consecutive
installation of a solar collector, or during operation, or mal-
days.
function of a solar energy system.
6.1.2 Simulated Solar Radiation:
3.3 This practice shall be considered to be a limited aging
6.1.2.1 For solar simulation, one solar exposure day is
test in that it does not address those aging effects resulting from
defined as the exposure for5htoa minimum solar irradiance
fluid-to-collector interfaces.
2 2 2
of 950 W/m (300 Btu/ft ·h) and not to exceed 1150 W/m (365
Btu/ft ·h) at an ambient temperature characteristic of outdoor
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-44 on Solar,
exposure (nominal range from 15 to 35°C (70 to 95°F)).
Geothermal, and Other Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
Simulator exposure is to be followed by setting the collector
Subcommittee E44.05 on Solar Heating and Cooling Subsystems and Systems.
Current edition approved May 29, 1981. Published July 1981.
outdoors overnight in accordance with 5.2.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.02.
6.1.2.2 The simulated solar spectrum shall generally con-
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
form to the Air Mass 1.5 global distribution as described in
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), Publications Sales Dept., 1791 Tullie
Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329. Standard E 892.
E 823
6.1.3 The energy distribution in the 0.3 to 0.4-μm range 6.2.1 Period of Test—Perform the test three times during the
shall not deviate more than 625 % from the Air Mass 1.5 nonoperational mode exposure period; once during the first 10
spectrum as measured in 0.05-μm bands. The energy distribu- days of the exposure period as defined in 6.1.1, and once each
tion from 0.4 to 2.5 μm shall not deviate by more than 615 % during the second and third 10 days of the exposure period.
from the Air Mass 1.5 spectrum as measured in 0.10-μm bands. 6.2.2 Pre-Test Exposure—Conduct the spray test after at
6.1.4 A minimum continuous period of 1 h exposure at a least1hof radiant exposure with a minimum solar irradi-
2 2 2 2
solar irradiance greater than 950 W/m (300 Btu/h·ft ). This ance of 850 W/m (270 Btu/ft ·h) measured in the plane of the
condition must be experienced in the exposure day in order to collector.
qualify the exposure time as part of the 30-h requirement. Once 6.2.3 Apparatus—The test apparatus shall consist of three
the minimum 1-h exposure period is met, all exposure time or more spray heads mounted in a water supply rack as shown
(including the 1-h period) above the minimum solar irradiance in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Spray heads shall be constructed in
and ambient temperature requirement during the same expo- accordance with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The water pressure for all
sure day may be included in the 30-h requirement of 6.1.4. tests shall be maintained at 35 kPa (5 psi) at each spray head.
6.1.5 A minimum of 30 h accumulated radiant exposure This pressure will provide about 0.3 m/h (12 in./h) of rain at the
2 2
with a solar irradiance not less than 950 W/m (300 Btu/h·ft ) water flow of 190 L/h (50 gal/h) per nozzle. The supply water
concurrent with an ambient temperature of at least 25°C temperature shall not exceed 30°C (86°F).
(80°F). Measure the solar irradiance in the plane of the 6.2.4 Procedure—Position the spray apparatus to direct a
collector aperture with a pyranometer. The average air velocity downward spray from a distance of 1.0 m (3 ft) at an angle of
at the test station, measured at a height corresponding to the 45 6 5° with the collector cover plate surface, as illustrated in
mid-height of the collector, should be less than 4.5 m/s (10 Fig. 3. Direct the spray onto the cover plate surface and the top
mph). Record air velocity as part of the test data. and side edges of the collector which have been exposed as
6.1.6 The nonoperational mode exposure is only concluded described in 6.2. Adjust the water pressure at each spray head
after the requirements of 6.1.1 and 6.1.4 have been met. to 35 kPa (5 psi). Maintain the water spray for 15 min per test
Exposure times under 6.1.1 and 6.1.4 shall be accumulated period. Observe and record occurrence of water penetration
independently during the same exposure period, as opposed to into the collector interior. Perform the test th
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