ASTM E330-02(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a standard procedure for determining structural performance under uniform static air pressure difference. This typically is intended to represent the effects of a wind load on exterior building surface elements. The actual loading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying with wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape, terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. The resistance of many windows, curtain walls, and door assemblies to wind loading is also complex and depends on the complete history of load, magnitude, duration, and repetition. These factors are discussed in ASCE 7 and in the literature (1-8).
Design wind velocities are selected for particular geographic locations and probabilities of occurrence based on data from wind velocity maps such as are provided in ASCE 7. These wind velocities are translated into uniform static air pressure differences and durations acting inward and outward. Complexities of wind pressures, as related to building design, wind intensity versus duration, frequency of occurrence, and other factors must be considered. Superimposed on sustained winds are gusting winds which, for short periods of time from a fraction of a second to a few seconds, are capable of moving at considerably higher velocities than the sustained winds. The analytical procedures in ASCE 7, wind tunnel studies, computer simulations, and model analyses are helpful in determining the appropriate design wind loads on exterior surface elements of buildings. Generally, wind load durations obtained from ASCE 7 are 2 to 10 s and are dependent upon the specific time reference employed in determining the pressure coefficients.
Some materials have strength or deflection characteristics that are time dependent. Therefore, the duration of the applied test load may have a significant impact on the performance of materials used in the test specimen. The most common examples of materials with time-dependent response charact...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the structural performance of exterior windows, doors, skylights, and curtain walls under uniform static air pressure differences, using a test chamber. This test method is applicable to curtain wall assemblies including, but not limited to, metal, glass, masonry, and stone components.
1.2 This test method is intended only for evaluating the structural performance associated with the specified test specimen and not the structural performance of adjacent construction.
1.3 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.
1.4 This test method describes the apparatus and the procedure to be used for applying uniformly distributed test loads to a specimen.
1.4.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is not required.
1.4.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is required.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E330 − 02 (Reapproved2010)
Standard Test Method for
Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors,
Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure
Difference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the
statements, see Section 7.
structural performance of exterior windows, doors, skylights,
and curtain walls under uniform static air pressure differences,
2. Referenced Documents
using a test chamber. This test method is applicable to curtain
wall assemblies including, but not limited to, metal, glass, 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
masonry, and stone components.
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
1.2 This test method is intended only for evaluating the
E997 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in
structural performance associated with the specified test speci- Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the
men and not the structural performance of adjacent construc-
Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Meth-
tion.
ods
E998 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in
1.3 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge
Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence
of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.
of Uniform Static Loads by Nondestructive Method
1.4 This test method describes the apparatus and the proce-
E1233 Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior
dure to be used for applying uniformly distributed test loads to
Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic
a specimen.
Air Pressure Differential
1.4.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when a load-
E1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in
deflection curve is not required.
Buildings
1.4.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-
E1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows,
deflection curve is required.
Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
Impacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure
which provide explanatory materials. These notes and foot-
Differentials
notes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
E1996 Specification for Performance of Exterior Windows,
considered as requirements of the standard.
Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Impacted by Windborne Debris in Hurricanes
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
2.2 ASCE Standard:
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
tion only and are not considered standard.
Structures
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Additional information on curtain wall assemblies can be obtained from the
American Architectural Manufacturers’ Association (AAMA), 1827 Walden Office
Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173, http://www.aamanet.org.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E330 – 02. DOI: Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander
10.1520/E0330-02R10. Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E330 − 02 (2010)
3. Terminology history of load, magnitude, duration, and repetition. These
factors are discussed in ASCE 7 and in the literature (1-8).
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
nology E631, unless otherwise indicated. 5.2 Design wind velocities are selected for particular geo-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: graphic locations and probabilities of occurrence based on data
from wind velocity maps such as are provided in ASCE 7.
3.2.1 design wind load—the uniform static air pressure
These wind velocities are translated into uniform static air
differences, inward and outward, for which the specimen
pressure differences and durations acting inward and outward.
would be designed under service load conditions using con-
Complexities of wind pressures, as related to building design,
ventional wind engineering specifications and concepts, ex-
wind intensity versus duration, frequency of occurrence, and
pressed in pascals (or pounds-force per square foot). This
other factors must be considered. Superimposed on sustained
pressure is determined by either analytical or wind-tunnel
winds are gusting winds which, for short periods of time from
procedures (such as are specified in ASCE 7).
a fraction of a second to a few seconds, are capable of moving
3.2.2 permanent deformation, n—the displacement or
at considerably higher velocities than the sustained winds. The
change in dimension of the specimen after the applied load has
analytical procedures in ASCE 7, wind tunnel studies, com-
been removed and the specimen has relaxed for the specified
puter simulations, and model analyses are helpful in determin-
period of time.
ing the appropriate design wind loads on exterior surface
elements of buildings. Generally, wind load durations obtained
3.2.3 proof load—atestloadmultipliedbyafactorofsafety.
fromASCE 7 are 2 to 10 s and are dependent upon the specific
3.2.4 stick system, n—a curtain wall assembly composed of
time reference employed in determining the pressure coeffi-
individually framed continuous members, vertical mullions,
cients.
and horizontal rails that are installed in a sequential, piece-by-
5.3 Some materials have strength or deflection characteris-
piece process. The completed system is assembled entirely in
tics that are time dependent. Therefore, the duration of the
the field.
applied test load may have a significant impact on the
3.2.5 structural distress—achangeinconditionofthespeci-
performance of materials used in the test specimen. The most
men indicative of deterioration or incipient failure, such as
common examples of materials with time-dependent response
cracking, local yielding, fastener loosening, or loss of adhesive
characteristics that are used are glass, plastics, and composites
bond.
that employ plastics. For this reason, the strength of an
assembly is tested for the actual time duration to which it
3.2.6 test load—thespecifieddifferenceinstaticairpressure
would be exposed to a sustained or a gust load, or both, as
(positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,
discussed above. Generally, U.S. practice for wind load testing
expressed in pascals (or pounds-force per square foot).
has been to require a minimum test period of 10 s for test loads
3.2.7 test specimen, n—the entire assembled unit submitted
equal to the design wind load and proof loads equal to 1.5
for test (as described in Section 8).
timesthedesignwindload.Thusasafetyfactorisincorporated
3.2.8 unit/panel system, n—a curtain wall assembly com- in the testing. With test loads for wind higher than those
determinedbyASCE 7oroflongertimedurationthan10s,the
posedofpre-assembledgroupsofindividualframingmembers.
The completed system is designed to be modular, designer must consider what safety factors are appropriate. For
test loads that represent design loads other than wind, such as
transportable, and installed as a finished assembly.
snow load, consideration shall be given to establish an appro-
priate test period for both design and proof load testing.
4. Summary of Test Method
5.4 This standard is not intended to account for the effect of
4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen
windborne debris or cyclic loads. Consideration of cyclic air
into or against one face of a test chamber, supplying air to or
pressure differentials is addressed in Test Method E1233.
exhausting air from the chamber according to a specific test
Consideration of windborne debris in combination with cyclic
loading program, at the rate required to maintain the test
air pressure differential representing extreme wind events is
pressure difference across the specimen, and observing,
addressed in Test Method E1886 and Specification E1996.
measuring, and recording the deflection, deformations, and
nature of any distress or failures of the specimen.
5.5 Thistestmethodisnotintendedforuseinevaluatingthe
structural adequacy of glass for a particular application. When
5. Significance and Use
the structural performance of glass is to be evaluated, the
procedure described in Test Method E997 or E998 shall be
5.1 Thistestmethodisastandardprocedurefordetermining
used.
structural performance under uniform static air pressure differ-
NOTE 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that
ence. This typically is intended to represent the effects of a
the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function
wind load on exterior building surface elements. The actual
of fabrication, installation, and adjustment. The specimen may or may not
truly represent every aspect of the actual structure. In service, the
loading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying with
wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape,
terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. The resis-
tance of many windows, curtain walls, and door assemblies to
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
wind loading is also complex and depends on the complete this standard.
E330 − 02 (2010)
performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction,
6.2.4 Deflection-Measuring System, to measure deflections
temperature, and on the resistance of components to deterioration by
within a tolerance of 60.25 mm (60.01 in.).
various other causes, including vibration, thermal expansion and
6.2.4.1 For Procedure A, any locations at which deflections
contraction, etc.
are to be measured shall be stated by the specifier.
6.2.4.2 ForProcedureB,maximumandenddeflectionsofat
6. Apparatus
least one of each type of principal member not directly and
6.1 Thedescriptionoftheapparatusisgeneralinnature;any
continuously supported by surrounding construction shall be
equipment capable of performing the test procedure within the
measured.Additional locations for deflection measurements, if
allowable tolerances is permitted.
required, shall be stated by the specifier.
6.2 Major Components (see Fig. 1):
6.2.4.3 When deflections are to be measured, the deflection
6.2.1 Test Chamber, or a box with an opening, a removable
gages shall be installed so that the deflections of the compo-
mountingpanel,oroneopensideinwhichoragainstwhichthe
nents can be measured without being influenced by possible
specimen is installed. Provide a static pressure tap to measure
movements of, or movements within, the specimen or member
the pressure difference across the test specimen. Locate the tap
supports.
so that the reading is unaffected by the velocity of air supplied
6.2.4.4 For proof load tests, permanent deformation can be
to or from the chamber or by any other air movements. The air
determined by the use of a straightedge-type gage applied to
supply opening into the chamber shall be arranged so that the
the members after preloading and again after the test load has
air does not impinge directly on the test specimen with any
been removed.
significant velocity.Ameans shall be provided to facilitate test
specimen adjustments and observations. The test chamber or
7. Hazards
the specimen mounting frame, or both, must not deflect under
7.1 Take proper precautions to protect the observers in the
the test load in such a manner that the performance of the
event of any failure. Considerable energy and hazard are
specimen will be affected.
involved at the pressures used in this test method.
6.2.2 Air System, a controllable blower, a compressed-air
(Warning—At the pressure used in this test method, consid-
supply, an exhaust system, or reversible controllable blower
erable hazards are involved. Do not permit personnel in
designed to provide the required maximum air-pressure differ-
negative pressure chambers during tests.)
ence across the specimen. The system shall provide an essen-
tially constant air-pressure difference for the required test
8. Test Specimens
period.
8.1 Curtain wall test specimens shall be of sufficient size
NOTE 2—It is convenient to use a reversible blower or a separate
and configuration to determine the performance of all typical
pressure and exhaust system to provide the required air-pressure differ-
parts of the system and to provide full loading on each typical
ence so that the test specimen can be tested for the effect of wind blowing
vertical and horizontal framing member, including building
against the wall (positive pressure) or for the effect of suction on the lee
side of the building (negative pressure) without removing, reversing, and corner details and end joints, if applicable. For multistory
reinstalling the test specimen. If an adequate air supply is available, a
systems, the specimen height shall not be less than two full
completely airtight seal need not be provided around the perimeter of the
buildingstoriesplustheheightnecessarytoincludeatleastone
test specimen and the mounting panel, although it is preferable. However,
full horizontal joint accommodating vertical expansion. If
substantial air leakage will require an air supply of much greater capacity
water testing is to be performed on the test specimens, at least
to maintain the required pressure differences.
one full horizontal joint accommodating vertical expansion
6.2.3 Pressure-Measuring Apparatus, to measure the test
shall be included an
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.