ASTM D4705-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen. Tanners and leather buyers have found that this test gives an indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of particular value in estimating the durability of leather to withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of shoes, garments, and upholstered products. The thickness of the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the uniformity of the test results. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is particularly applicable to lightweight leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4705 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will
affect the uniformity of the test results. This test method may
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the
not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ
stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is
widely from those specified in the test method.
particularly applicable to lightweight leathers.This test method
does not apply to wet blue.
4. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.2 ThicknessGage, a dead weight type of thickness gage as
and are not considered standard.
described in Method D1813.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 Steel Die, to cut test specimens (as described in 5.1).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.4 Paper Clip, #1/Premium, with wire diameter 0.041 6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
0.001 in. (1.04 6 0.0254 mm).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Sampling Test Specimen
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, sample the leather according
2
to Practice D2813.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
5.2 The specimen shall be a rectangle of leather 2 in. (50.8
ucts for Testing
5
mm) in length and 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width with two holes ( ⁄64
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather
in. (1.98 mm)) in diameter on one end of the specimen. The
Test Specimens
1 1
centers of the holes shall be ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) from the end, ⁄4
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
in. (6.35 mm) apart, and located equidistant from the center
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and
line (length wise) of the specimen. See Fig. 1.
Chemical Tests
5.3 The specimen shall be cut with the long dimension
3. Significance and Use perpendicular to the backbone.
3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load
6. Conditioning
required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen.
Tanners and leather buyers have found that this test gives an 6.1 All specimen shall be conditioned and tested in an
indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of atmosphere as described in Practice D1610.
particular value in estimating the durability of leather to
withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of
7. Procedure
shoes, garments, and upholstered products. The thickness of
7.1 Determine the thickness of the specimen to the nearest
0.001 in. (0.01 mm) on the long axis near one end.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
7.2 Bend the wire into a “U” shape, preferably by b
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4705 − 12 D4705 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is
particularly applicable to lightweight leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen. Tanners
and leather buyers have found that this test gives an indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of particular value in
estimating the durability of leather to withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of shoes, garments, and
upholstered products. The thickness of the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the uniformity of the
test results. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test
method.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
4.2 Thickness Gage, a dead weight type of thickness gage as described in Method D1813.
4.3 Steel Die, to cut test specimens (as described in 5.1).
4.4 Paper Clip, #1/Premium, with wire diameter 0.041 6 0.001 in. (1.04 6 0.0254 mm).
5. Sampling Test Specimen
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, sample the leather according to Practice D2813.
5
5.2 The specimen shall be a rectangle of leather 2 in. (50.8 mm) in length and 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width with two holes ( ⁄64
1 1
in. (1.98 mm)) in diameter on one end of the specimen. The centers of the holes shall be ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) from the end, ⁄4 in.
(6.35 mm) apart, and located equidistant from the center line (length wise) of the specimen. See Fig. 1.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012May 1, 2013. Published October 2012May 2013. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 as D4705
- 00 (2010). 12. DOI: 10.1520/D4705-12.10.1520/D4705-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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D4705 − 13
FIG. 1 Test Specimen
5.3 The specimen shall be cut with the long dimension perpendicular to the backbone.
6. Conditioning
6.1 All specimen shall be conditioned for 48 h and tested in an atmosphere maintained at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6
4 % relative humidity and tested under the conditions as described in Practice D1610.
7. Procedure
7.1 Determine the thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.01 mm) on the long axis near one end.
1
7.2 Bend the wire into a “U” shape, preferably by bending over a ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) rod, and pass the ends through the holes
in the specimen so that both ends project from the flesh side of the specimen. Clamp both ends of the wire in the testing machine
...
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