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ASTM E3107-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs

Standard Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards and specifications require assessing the penetration resistance and backface deformation of ballistic-resistant body armor.  
5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector and government laboratories, manufacturers, research and development organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistance of body armor or performing research and development of new materials.  
5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by other standards, specifications, or test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method addresses resistance to ballistic penetration and to backface deformation (BFD) for ballistic-resistant torso body armor and shoot packs.  
1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft body armor, hard armor plates, in conjunction with armor, and shoot packs mounted on a clay block as the backing assembly.
Note 1: This test method does not apply to ballistic helmets, inserts, trauma packs, trauma plates, or accessories.  
1.3 The test method does not specify performance criteria or usage of the test results.  
1.4 This test method does not address conditioning of test items.  
1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, or other users in order to meet their specific needs.  
1.5.1 Purchasers and other users will specify the ballistic test threats to be used. Within this test method, the reference defining the ballistic test threats is called the “test threats document.”  
1.5.2 In this test method, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test method.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2017
ICS
13.310 - Protection against crime
13.340.01 - Protective equipment in general
Technical Committee
E54 - Homeland Security Applications
Drafting Committee
E54.04 - Public Safety Equipment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E3107-17a - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017

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ASTM E3107-17 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot PacksASTM E3107-17 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs
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ASTM E3107-17 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E3107 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for
1
Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method addresses resistance to ballistic pen-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
etration and to backface deformation (BFD) for ballistic-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
resistant torso body armor and shoot packs.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft body
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
armor, hard armor plates, in conjunction with armor, and shoot
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
packs mounted on a clay block as the backing assembly.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 1—This test method does not apply to ballistic helmets, inserts,
2. Referenced Documents
trauma packs, trauma plates, or accessories.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 Thetestmethoddoesnotspecifyperformancecriteriaor
E3004 Specification for Preparation and Verification of Clay
usage of the test results.
BlocksUsedinBallistic-ResistanceTestingofTorsoBody
1.4 This test method does not address conditioning of test
Armor
items.
E3005 Terminology for Body Armor
1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced
E3062 Specification for Indoor Ballistic Test Ranges for
by certifiers, purchasers, or other users in order to meet their
Small Arms and Fragmentation Testing of Ballistic-
specific needs.
resistant Items
1.5.1 Purchasers and other users will specify the ballistic
E3068 Test Method for Contact Measurement of Backface
test threats to be used. Within this test method, the reference
Deformation in Clay Backing During BodyArmorTesting
defining the ballistic test threats is called the “test threats
E3086 Practice for CreatingAppliques for Use in Testing of
document.”
Nonplanar Soft Body Armor Designed for Females
3
1.5.2 In this test method, “other standards and specifica-
2.2 ISO Standard:
tions” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for
ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Compe-
example, military standards, purchase specifications) that re-
tence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
4
quiretheuseofthistestmethod.Purchasersandotherusersare
2.3 NIJ Standard:
responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for
NIJ Standard-0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor
specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test
method. 3. Terminology
3.1 For terms not defined in this test method, the following
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical definitions of Terminology E3005 apply: accessories, angle of
incidence, backface deformation, backing assembly, backing
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard. material, backing fixture, body armor, complete penetration,
fair hit, hard armor, obliquity, partial penetration, plates, shoot
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Homeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
E54.04 on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
4
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. DOI: 10.1520/ AvailablefromNationalInstituteofJustice(NIJ),8107thSt.,NW,Washington,
E3107-17. DC 20531, http://nij.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3107 − 17
pack, shot-to-edge distance, shot-to-shot distance, soft body 6.5 For measuring BFD, the measurem
...

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ASTM E3107/E3107M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards and specifications require assessing the penetration resistance and backface deformation of ballistic-resistant body armor.  
5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector and government laboratories, manufacturers, research and development organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistance of body armor or performing research and development of new materials.  
5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by other standards, specifications, or test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method addresses resistance to ballistic penetration and to backface deformation (BFD) for ballistic-resistant torso body armor and shoot packs.  
1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft body armor, hard armor plates, in conjunction with armor, and shoot packs mounted on a clay block as the backing assembly.
Note 1: This test method does not apply to ballistic helmets, inserts, trauma packs, trauma plates, or accessories.  
1.3 The test method does not specify performance criteria or usage of the test results.  
1.4 This test method does not address conditioning of test items.  
1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, or other users in order to meet their specific needs.  
1.5.1 Purchasers and other users will specify the ballistic test threats to be used. Within this test method, the reference defining the ballistic test threats is called the “test threats document.”  
1.5.2 In this test method, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test method.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 The user of this standard will identify the system of units to be used, and it is critical to ensure that any cross-referenced standards maintain consistency of units between standards.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3078/E3078M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conditioning of Hard Armor Test Items

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is anticipated that this practice will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, and other users in order to meet their specific needs. Those users will specify which conditioning procedures are applicable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the conditioning of hard armor test items prior to ballistic resistance testing. Hard armor is an item of personal protective equipment that is constructed of rigid materials and is intended to protect the wearer from threats that may include ballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, or blunt impact, or combinations thereof. (Terminology E3005.) Hard armor is also referred to as hard armor plate and plate.
Note 1: Ballistic resistance testing is not covered in this practice.  
1.2 This practice describes requirements for subjecting test items to conditions intended to assess the capability of the test item to withstand environmental conditions that induce responses similar to those that might result from conditions encountered during use. This practice includes the conditioning procedures listed below:  
1.2.1 Controlled ambient conditioning procedure,  
1.2.2 Thermal/temperature shock procedure,  
1.2.3 Temperature extremes procedure,  
1.2.4 Weathering procedure,  
1.2.5 Fluid exposure procedure,  
1.2.6 Altitude exposure procedure,  
1.2.7 Vibration conditioning procedure,  
1.2.8 Impact Durability pre-conditioning,  
1.2.9 Impact Durability procedure for torso front and back plates, and  
1.2.10 Impact Durability procedure for other plates (that is, other than torso front and back plates).  
1.3 The user of this practice shall determine which conditioning procedures apply.
Note 2: This practice may not be applicable to all types of hard armor.  
1.4 In this practice, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this practice. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this practice.  
1.5 This practice does not address pass/fail requirements for test items subjected to these procedures.  
1.6 This practice does not address visual inspections or radiographic inspections of test items that may be required prior to or following conditioning.
Note 3: It is recommended that a thorough visual examination of each test item prior to and after the exposures be performed to document any change in physical appearance resulting from the exposure.  
1.7 This practice does not address subsequent conditioning or testing of test items.  
1.8 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.8.1 The user of this standard will identify the system of units to be used, and it is critical to ensure that any cross-referenced standards maintain consistency of units between standards.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3004-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Preparation and Verification of Clay Blocks Used in Ballistic-Resistance Testing of Torso Body Armor

ABSTRACT
This specification describes a standardized method for preparation and verification of backing assemblies used in ballistic-resistant torso body armor testing and for reducing variability within and between laboratories. Included in this specification are the equipment used for preparation and verification of clay blocks, namely: backing fixture, backing fixture liner, bridge gauge, conditioning chamber, impactor, striking device, template, test setup, and velocity measurement equipment.
This specification also covers procedures for characterization of clay block verification test setup, clay block preparation, clay block verification procedure prior to ballistic testing, clay block repair, clay block verification between test items, and clay block verification after final shot on clay block.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide standardized methods for preparation and verification of backing assemblies used in ballistic-resistant torso body armor testing and to reduce variability within and between laboratories.  
1.2 The backing assembly is a clay block that contains ROMA Plastilina No. 1®2 clay as the backing material. The clay serves as a witness material and provides a measurable indication of test item performance.  
1.3 This specification identifies two clay-verification impactors that may be used: (1) cylindrical and (2) spherical. Purchasers and other users will specify the clay-verification impactor to be used.  
1.4 This specification is primarily directed toward test laboratories but may be applicable to body armor manufacturers, researchers, and end users performing ballistic-resistance testing of body armor.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to non-SI units that are provided for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3068-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Contact Measurement of Backface Deformation in Clay Backing During Body Armor Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards for assessing the performance of ballistic-resistant torso body armor require the measurement of BFD on backing assemblies made with ROMA Plastilina No. 1®6.  
5.2 This test method may be applicable for certification testing or for research and development testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes test methods for the contact measurement of backface deformation (BFD) in clay backing caused by a test threat that produces a partial penetration in a body armor test item.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to testing of planar and nonplanar soft armor and hard armor.  
1.3 This test method is not applicable to testing of helmets.  
1.4 The purpose of this test method is to achieve consistent measurements between laboratories and reduce differences that could result from using different measurement techniques.  
1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, and other users in order to meet their specific needs.  
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1.6.1 In this test method, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Certifiers, purchasers, and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test method.  
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ASTM E3086-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Creating Appliques for Use in Testing of Nonplanar Soft Body Armor Designed for Females

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards for assessing the performance of ballistic-resistant torso body armor require the use of backing assemblies made with Roma Plastilina No. 1®. The creation of appliques behind nonplanar soft armor test items must be done in a consistent manner to reduce variability within and between laboratories.  
4.2 This practice is applicable for certification testing or for research and development testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies a procedure for creating appliques (that is, build-up of clay) for use behind nonplanar, soft body armor test items and affixing the appliques to the clay block.
Note 1: This practice describes a single applique shape; additional shapes may be described in other standards.  
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to specify critical parameters for creating appliques in order to improve consistency of the test setup between laboratories.
Note 2: In the past, testing of nonplanar soft armor has been done either with an unspecified buildup of clay behind the test item or with the test item pressed flat against the clay block.  
1.3 This practice is applicable only to nonplanar soft body armor designed for females.  
1.4 This practice is not applicable to hard armor test items.  
1.5 This practice is primarily directed toward test laboratories but may be applicable to body armor manufacturers, researchers, and end users performing ballistic-resistance testing of body armor.  
1.6 In this practice, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this practice. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this practice.  
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Where appropriate, inch-pound units are included parenthetically for information purposes.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3005-20(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Body Armor

SCOPE
1.1 The scope of this terminology is to provide a standard terminology for body armor providing protection against ballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, blunt impact, or a combination of threats.  
1.2 The intent of this terminology is to have terms, abbreviations, and formulas that are applicable across federal agencies, law enforcement and corrections agencies, testing and certification bodies, and manufacturers.  
1.2.1 The terminology is kept general herein and should be defined more specifically as needed within individual test methods or other standards.  
1.3 This terminology is not intended to describe test methods or performance requirements for body armor.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3107/E3107M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards and specifications require assessing the penetration resistance and backface deformation of ballistic-resistant body armor.  
5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector and government laboratories, manufacturers, research and development organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistance of body armor or performing research and development of new materials.  
5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by other standards, specifications, or test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method addresses resistance to ballistic penetration and to backface deformation (BFD) for ballistic-resistant torso body armor and shoot packs.  
1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft body armor, hard armor plates, in conjunction with armor, and shoot packs mounted on a clay block as the backing assembly.
Note 1: This test method does not apply to ballistic helmets, inserts, trauma packs, trauma plates, or accessories.  
1.3 The test method does not specify performance criteria or usage of the test results.  
1.4 This test method does not address conditioning of test items.  
1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, or other users in order to meet their specific needs.  
1.5.1 Purchasers and other users will specify the ballistic test threats to be used. Within this test method, the reference defining the ballistic test threats is called the “test threats document.”  
1.5.2 In this test method, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test method.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 The user of this standard will identify the system of units to be used, and it is critical to ensure that any cross-referenced standards maintain consistency of units between standards.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3078/E3078M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conditioning of Hard Armor Test Items

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is anticipated that this practice will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, and other users in order to meet their specific needs. Those users will specify which conditioning procedures are applicable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the conditioning of hard armor test items prior to ballistic resistance testing. Hard armor is an item of personal protective equipment that is constructed of rigid materials and is intended to protect the wearer from threats that may include ballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, or blunt impact, or combinations thereof. (Terminology E3005.) Hard armor is also referred to as hard armor plate and plate.
Note 1: Ballistic resistance testing is not covered in this practice.  
1.2 This practice describes requirements for subjecting test items to conditions intended to assess the capability of the test item to withstand environmental conditions that induce responses similar to those that might result from conditions encountered during use. This practice includes the conditioning procedures listed below:  
1.2.1 Controlled ambient conditioning procedure,  
1.2.2 Thermal/temperature shock procedure,  
1.2.3 Temperature extremes procedure,  
1.2.4 Weathering procedure,  
1.2.5 Fluid exposure procedure,  
1.2.6 Altitude exposure procedure,  
1.2.7 Vibration conditioning procedure,  
1.2.8 Impact Durability pre-conditioning,  
1.2.9 Impact Durability procedure for torso front and back plates, and  
1.2.10 Impact Durability procedure for other plates (that is, other than torso front and back plates).  
1.3 The user of this practice shall determine which conditioning procedures apply.
Note 2: This practice may not be applicable to all types of hard armor.  
1.4 In this practice, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this practice. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this practice.  
1.5 This practice does not address pass/fail requirements for test items subjected to these procedures.  
1.6 This practice does not address visual inspections or radiographic inspections of test items that may be required prior to or following conditioning.
Note 3: It is recommended that a thorough visual examination of each test item prior to and after the exposures be performed to document any change in physical appearance resulting from the exposure.  
1.7 This practice does not address subsequent conditioning or testing of test items.  
1.8 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.8.1 The user of this standard will identify the system of units to be used, and it is critical to ensure that any cross-referenced standards maintain consistency of units between standards.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3004-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Preparation and Verification of Clay Blocks Used in Ballistic-Resistance Testing of Torso Body Armor

ABSTRACT
This specification describes a standardized method for preparation and verification of backing assemblies used in ballistic-resistant torso body armor testing and for reducing variability within and between laboratories. Included in this specification are the equipment used for preparation and verification of clay blocks, namely: backing fixture, backing fixture liner, bridge gauge, conditioning chamber, impactor, striking device, template, test setup, and velocity measurement equipment.
This specification also covers procedures for characterization of clay block verification test setup, clay block preparation, clay block verification procedure prior to ballistic testing, clay block repair, clay block verification between test items, and clay block verification after final shot on clay block.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide standardized methods for preparation and verification of backing assemblies used in ballistic-resistant torso body armor testing and to reduce variability within and between laboratories.  
1.2 The backing assembly is a clay block that contains ROMA Plastilina No. 1®2 clay as the backing material. The clay serves as a witness material and provides a measurable indication of test item performance.  
1.3 This specification identifies two clay-verification impactors that may be used: (1) cylindrical and (2) spherical. Purchasers and other users will specify the clay-verification impactor to be used.  
1.4 This specification is primarily directed toward test laboratories but may be applicable to body armor manufacturers, researchers, and end users performing ballistic-resistance testing of body armor.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to non-SI units that are provided for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM E3068-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Contact Measurement of Backface Deformation in Clay Backing During Body Armor Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards for assessing the performance of ballistic-resistant torso body armor require the measurement of BFD on backing assemblies made with ROMA Plastilina No. 1®6.  
5.2 This test method may be applicable for certification testing or for research and development testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes test methods for the contact measurement of backface deformation (BFD) in clay backing caused by a test threat that produces a partial penetration in a body armor test item.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to testing of planar and nonplanar soft armor and hard armor.  
1.3 This test method is not applicable to testing of helmets.  
1.4 The purpose of this test method is to achieve consistent measurements between laboratories and reduce differences that could result from using different measurement techniques.  
1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, and other users in order to meet their specific needs.  
1.6 This test method does not specify BFD performance requirements for body armor. The performance requirements are included in other standards or specifications. The decision rules for determining conformance to specifications and the consideration of uncertainty are also included in other standards or specifications.  
1.6.1 In this test method, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Certifiers, purchasers, and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test method.  
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Where appropriate, mathematical conversions to non-SI units are provided in parentheses for informational purposes.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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