ASTM D6683-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Bulk Density Values of Powders and Other Bulk Solids as Function of Compressive Stress
Standard Test Method for Measuring Bulk Density Values of Powders and Other Bulk Solids as Function of Compressive Stress
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The data from this test can be used to estimate the bulk density of materials in bins and hoppers and for material handling applications such as feeders.
The test results can be greatly affected by the sample selected for testing. For meaningful results it is necessary to select a representative sample of the particulate solid with respect to moisture (water) content, particle-size distribution and temperature. For the tests an appropriate size sample should be available, and fresh material should be used for each individual test specimen.
Initial bulk density, (ρb)initial, may or may not be used as the minimum bulk density. This will depend on the material being tested. For example, the two are often close to the same for coarse (most particles larger than about 6 mm), free-flowing bulk solids, but not for fine, aeratable powders.
Bulk density values may be dependent upon the magnitude of the applied mass increments. Traditionally, the applied mass is doubled for each increment resulting in an applied mass increment ratio of 1. Smaller than standard increment ratios may be desirable for materials that are highly sensitive to the applied mass increment ratio. An example of the latter is a material whose bulk density increases 10% or more with each increase in applied mass.
Bulk density values may be dependent upon the duration of each applied mass. Traditionally, the duration is the same for each increment and equal to 15 s. For some materials, the rate of compression is such that complete compression (no change in volume with time at a given applied compressive stress) will require significantly more than 15 s.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are ca...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedure for determining a range of bulk densities of powders and other bulk solids as a function of compressive stress.
1.2 This test method should be performed in the laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6683 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Measuring Bulk Density Values of Powders and Other Bulk
1
Solids as Function of Compressive Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedure for
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
determining a range of bulk densities of powders and other
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
bulk solids as a function of compressive stress.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.2 This test method should be performed in the laboratory
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
Construction Materials Testing
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Data
Practice D6026.
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the 3. Terminology
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
3.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
to Terminology D653.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
3.2.1 maximum effective head—height of a column of ma-
ations for the user’s objectives, and it is common practice to
terial that has no shear stresses along its vertical walls. Used in
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
calculation of maximum applied mass, this value can be
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
approximated, for example, by using the height of the cylin-
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
drical section of the bin to be analyzed, m.
methods for engineering design.
3.3 Symbols:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.3.1 A —inside cross-sectional area of density cup, m .
cup
standard.
3.3.2 AM —calculated value of maximum applied mass,
max
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
kg.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3.3 D —inside diameter of density cup, m.
cup
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3.4 EH —maximum effective head to be applied to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- max
material in density cup, m.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3.5 M —mass of material in density cup, kg.
mat’l
2. Referenced Documents
th
3.3.6 V—calculated volume of material in density cup at i
i
2
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
consolidation step, m .
3.3.7 (ρ ) —approximate value of material’s bulk den-
b approx
3
sity used in calculation of maximum applied mass, kg/m .
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
th
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterization
3.3.8 (ρ )—calculated bulk density value at i consolida-
b i
and Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.
3
tion step, kg/m .
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2008.PublishedJuly2008.Originallyapproved
3
in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D6683 – 01. DOI: 10.1520/
3.3.9 (ρ ) —calculated initial bulk density value, kg/m .
b initial
D6683-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 3.3.10 π—a transcendental number, approximately 3.14.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
th
3.3.11 σ—calculated compressive stress at i consolidation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on i
2
the ASTM website. step, N/m .
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6683 − 08
3.3.12 σ —maximum compressive stress to be applied to 6.3 Stand, to support the density cup, and to mount the dial
max
2
material in density cup, N/m . indicator. The stand must be level and securely mounted on a
vibration free base to support the test apparatus.
4. Summary of T
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6683–01 Designation:D6683–08
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Bulk Density Values of Powders and Other Bulk
SolidsMeasuring Bulk Density Values of Powders and Other
1
Bulk Solids as Function of Compressive Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1Thistestmethodcoversanapparatusandprocedurefordeterminingarangeofbulkdensitiesofpowdersandotherbulksolids
as a function of compaction pressure. *
1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedure for determining a range of bulk densities of powders and other bulk
solids as a function of compressive stress.
1.2 This test method should be performed in the laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity.
1.3This test method is similar to those of B212-89(1995) Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders,
D29-86(1994) Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Lac Resins, D2854-89(1993) Test Method for Apparent Density of
Activated Carbon.
1.4The values stated are in SI Units and are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D 6026.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives,
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D 4753Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Rock, and Related
2
Construction Materials Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil,
Rock, and Construction Materials Testing
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions of terms used in this test method shall be in accordance with Terminology D653
3.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D 653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterization and
Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published October 2001.
Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 6683 – 01.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6683–08
Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1area of the lid (A)—this is the area of the cover in m
l
3.3 maximum effective head—height of a column of material that has no shear stresses along its
...
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