ASTM D1140-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by Washing
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by Washing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles or soil aggregations can be broken down much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than with dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve are desired, these test methods are used on the test specimen prior to dry sieving, or as a determination of the percent of material that is finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve. Usually the additional amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked, as it could be an indication of degradation of the soil (see Note 2).
5.2 Method A shall be used with non-cohesive soils containing fine material with little or no plasticity. The specimen is soaked in water to facilitate the separation of the fine and coarse fractions prior to washing through the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve.
5.3 Method B shall be used with soils, particularly clayey soils, where the fine material demonstrates plastic behavior and tends to adhere to the larger particles. To provide adequate fine grain dispersal, it is necessary to soak the specimen in a dispersing solution prior to washing through the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve.
5.4 To facilitate determination of which method to utilize, the sample may be classified as non-cohesive or having plastic characteristics based upon procedures outlined in Practice D2488 or other means of determining the soil properties.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable ...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve by washing of material with a maximum particle size of 75 mm (3 in.).
1.2 The methods used in this standard rely on the use of water or a dispersant to separate and remove materials finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve. During these processes soluble substances, such as salts and other minerals, may also be removed. It is not within the scope of this standard to differentiate between the removal of fine particles and soluble substances. It is recommended that materials containing significant amounts of soluble substances be tested using other methods of separation.
1.3 Two methods for determining the amount of material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve are provided. The method to be used shall be specified by the requesting authority. If no method is specified, the choice should be based upon the guidance given in 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4.
1.3.1 Method A—Test specimen is dispersed by soaking in water prior to wash sieving.
1.3.2 Method B—Test specimen is dispersed by soaking in a dispersing solution prior to wash sieving.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Except the sieve designations are typically identified using the “alternative” system in accordance with Specification E11, such as 3 inch and No. 200, instead of the “standard” of 75-mm and 75-μm, respectively. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method. The use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standa...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1140 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-µm (No.
1
200) Sieve in Soils by Washing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
amount of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve by
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
washingofmaterialwithamaximumparticlesizeof75mm(3
recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the
in.).
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
1.2 The methods used in this standard rely on the use of significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
water or a dispersant to separate and remove materials finer dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve. During these processes soluble obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
substances, such as salts and other minerals, may also be ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
removed. It is not within the scope of this standard to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
differentiate between the removal of fine particles and soluble commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
substances. It is recommended that materials containing sig- of these test methods to consider significant digits used in
nificant amounts of soluble substances be tested using other analysis methods for engineering design.
methods of separation.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.3 Two methods for determining the amount of material
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
finerthanthe75-µm(No.200)sieveareprovided.Themethod
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to be used shall be specified by the requesting authority. If no
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method is specified, the choice should be based upon the
guidance given in 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3.1 Method A—Test specimen is dispersed by soaking in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
water prior to wash sieving.
C702PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
1.3.2 Method B—Testspecimenisdispersedbysoakingina
Size
dispersing solution prior to wash sieving.
D75Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D422Test Method for Particle-SizeAnalysis of Soils (With-
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3
as standard. Except the sieve designations are typically iden- drawn 2016)
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
tified using the “alternative” system in accordance with Speci-
fication E11, such as 3 inch and No. 200, instead of the Fluids
“standard” of 75-mm and 75-µm, respectively. Reporting of D1586Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as Barrel Sampling of Soils
nonconformance with this test method. The use of balances or D1587Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-
scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) shall not be regarded as Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
nonconformance with this standard. D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1 2
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoil For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Plasticity and Density Characteristics of Soils. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1140–14. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D1140-17. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1140 − 14 D1140 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-μm (No.
1
200) Sieve in Soils by Washing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve by washing of
material with a maximum particle size of 75 mm (3 in.).
1.2 The methods used in this standard rely on the use of water or a dispersant to separate and remove materials finer than a
75-μm (No. 200) sieve. During these processes soluble substances, such as salts and other minerals, may also be removed. It is
not within the scope of this standard to differentiate between the removal of fine particles and soluble substances. It is
recommended that materials containing significant amounts of soluble substances be tested using other methods of separation.
1.3 Two methods for determining the amount of material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve are provided. The method to be
used shall be specified by the requesting authority. If no method is specified, the choice should be based upon the guidance given
in 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4.
1.3.1 Method A—Test specimen is dispersed by soaking in water prior to wash sieving.
1.3.2 Method B—Test specimen is dispersed by soaking in a dispersing solution prior to wash sieving.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Except the sieve designations are typically identified
using the “alternative” system in accordance with Specification E11, such as 3 inch and No. 200, instead of the “standard” of
75-mm and 75-μm, respectively. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this
test method. The use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this
standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
3
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, Plasticity
and Density Characteristics of Soils.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014Feb. 1, 2017. Published November 2014February 2017. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20062014
as D1140 – 00 (2006).D1140 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D1140-14.10.1520/D1140-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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