ASTM D933-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The results are used to characterize the scale and water formed deposits formed in systems using water as a heat transfer fluid or deposits formed that has resulted from water being transported, stored or used for any other purpose. It is also used to evaluate the quality of water used in the system where the deposit has been found. Characterizing the scale/deposit will assist in the design of the water treatment protocols to avoid further scale or deposit buildups which can cause increased energy consumption or damage to the system due to corrosion or microbiological growth. The use of modern up-to-date chemical detection systems will increase the usefulness of the practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the results of examination and analysis for constituents of deposits formed on systems using water as a heat transfer media or water formed deposits from any other purpose and how they are to be reported.
1.2 While various practices of reporting the analysis of water-formed deposits are in use, this practice is intended as a rational and comprehensive practice for general application. For use in specific industries or individual cases, molecular combinations may be useful and desirable.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D933 − 20
Standard Practice for
Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-
1
Formed Deposits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D933; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the results of
examination and analysis for constituents of deposits formed
3. Terminology
on systems using water as a heat transfer media or water
formeddepositsfromanyotherpurposeandhowtheyaretobe
3.1 Definitions:
reported.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
Terminology D1129.
1.2 While various practices of reporting the analysis of
water-formed deposits are in use, this practice is intended as a
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
rational and comprehensive practice for general application.
3.2.1 acid solubility in 1 to 1 acid, n—concentration of a
For use in specific industries or individual cases, molecular
deposit or solid, in grams per litre that will go into solution in
combinations may be useful and desirable.
an acidic solvent divided by initial weight of the sample.Thus,
results are reported as a percentage soluble or dissolved.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.1.1 Discussion—For water borne deposits, these analy-
standard.
sesaremorequalitativeorestimatesofsolubilityofthedeposit
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the orsolid(1ormoregrams)inasolutionof1to1acid.Theacids
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the most commonly used are either 1 to 1 hydrochloric acid (HCl
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- (6 normal)) and nitric acid (HNO (7.9 normal)) as the acidic
3
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- solvent because they will normally dissolve most water formed
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. deposits or scales. The sample can be weighed and placed in a
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- soxhlet extractor with reflux and reweighed for calculation in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
%solubility.Notethatinorganiccarbonateswillrapidlyevolve
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the and effervesce upon addition to the acid. Other inorganics will
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
dissolve in the acid upon heat.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.2.2 loss on ignition (LOI), n—thepercentlossinweightof
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a material on being calcined at a temperature selected, for a
time long enough, to achieve constant weight, expressed as a
2. Referenced Documents
percent of the initial weight of the dry material (without free
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: moisture).
D887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
3.2.2.1 Discussion—LOI’s for deposits are normally run at
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
105°C for determination of moisture content. 450°C to 500°C
for determination of organics in the sample. 900°C to 1000°C
fordeterminationofinorganiccarbonates.Thefinalcalculation
1 is for the remaining material, which is the ash content, which
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and is the measure of the remaining inorganics in the sample. The
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
sample can be weighed and stepped thru the process and
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
reweighed after each temperature for calculation in % loss.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
3.2.3 non-polar solvent extractable solubility,
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D933 – 84 (2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D0933-20.
n—concentration of a deposit or solid, in grams per litre that
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
will go into solution in a non-polar solvent divided by initial
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
weightofthesample.Thus,resultsarereportedasapercentage
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary pa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D933 − 84 (Reapproved 2012) D933 − 20
Standard Practice for
Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-
1
Formed Deposits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D933; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the results of examination and analysis for inorganic constituents of deposits
formed from waters on systems using water as a heat transfer media or water formed deposits from any other purpose and how
they are to be reported.
1.2 While various practices of reporting the analysis of water-formed deposits are in use, this practice is intended as a rational
and comprehensive practice for general application. For use in specific industries or individual cases, molecular combinations may
be useful and desirable.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and Water-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012May 1, 2020. Published January 2012June 2020. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D933 – 84 (2012). (2007). DOI: 10.1520/D0933-84R12.10.1520/D0933-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D933 − 20
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:—For
3.2.1 acid solubility in 1 to 1 acid, n—concentration of a deposit or solid, in grams per litre that will go into solution in an acidic
solvent divided by initial weight of the sample. Thus, results are reported as a percentage soluble or dissolved.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
For water borne deposits, these analyses are more qualitative or estimates of solubility of the deposit or solid (1 or more grams)
in a solution of 1 to 1 acid. The acids most commonly used are either 1 to 1 hydrochloric acid (HCl (6 normal)) and nitric acid
(HNO (7.9 normal)) as the acidic solvent because they will normally dissolve most water formed deposits or scales. The sample
3
can be weighed and placed in a soxhlet extractor with reflux and reweighed for calculation in % solubility. Note that inorganic
carbonates will rapidly evolve and effervesce upon addition to the acid. Other inorganics will dissolve in the acid upon heat.
3.2.2 loss on ignition (LOI), n—the percent loss in weight of a material on being calcined at a temperature selected, for a time
long enough, to achieve constant weight, expressed as a percent of the initial weight of the dry material (without free moisture).
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
LOI’s for deposits are normally run at 105°C for determination of moisture content. 450°C to 500°C for determination of organics
in the sample. 900°C to 1000°C for determination of i
...
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