ASTM E1509-95(2000)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Room Heaters, Pellet Fuel-Burning Type
Standard Specification for Room Heaters, Pellet Fuel-Burning Type
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and marking requirements for automatic feed, pellet fuel-burning room heaters that are intended to burn wood pellets or other suitable solid fuel. These room heaters shall be drafted by forced or natural means.
1.2 Exhaust venting systems and associated externally mounted draft inducers are not evaluated by this specification unless they are part of an engineered system provided as part of the room heater. Parts specifically evaluated and determined to be acceptable for use with pellet fuel-burning room heaters are required to be specified in the room heater manufacturer's instructions and are to be used in evaluating the room heater.
1.3 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this specification are intended for installation in accordance with the applicable requirements of NFPA 211 and in accordance with the applicable building and mechanical codes.
1.4 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this specification are acceptable for use in manufactured homes when installed in accordance with the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards published by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). See 24 CFR 3280.
1.5 The terms "product" or "room heater," as used in this specification, refer to all pellet fuel-burning room heaters or any part thereof covered by the requirements of this specification, unless specifically noted otherwise.
1.6 No information provided in this specification is intended to prevent the use of other methods or devices, provided that sufficient technical data are submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate that the proposed method or device is equivalent in quality, strength, fire endurance, effectiveness, durability, and safety to that prescribed in this specification.
1.7 The notes incorporated into this specification are not prescriptive requirements. They are given for clarification and informational purposes only.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation: E 1509 – 95(Reapproved 2000)
Standard Specification for
Room Heaters, Pellet Fuel-Burning Type
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.9 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements, test
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
methods, and marking requirements for automatic feed, pellet
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
fuel-burning room heaters that are intended to burn wood
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
pellets or other suitable solid fuel. These room heaters shall be
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
drafted by forced or natural means.
tions prior to use.
1.2 Exhaust venting systems and associated externally
mounted draft inducers are not evaluated by this specification
2. Referenced Documents
unless they are part of an engineered system provided as part
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the room heater. Parts specifically evaluated and determined
D 1102 Test Method for Ash in Wood
to be acceptable for use with pellet fuel-burning room heaters
D 2015 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
are required to be specified in the room heater manufacturer’s
Coke by Adiabatic Bomb Calorimeter
instructions and are to be used in evaluating the room heater.
D 3211 Test Method for Relative Density of Black Smoke
1.3 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this speci-
(Ringelmann Method)
fication are intended for installation in accordance with the
D 3286 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
applicable requirements of NFPA 211 and in accordance with
Coke by Isoperibol Bomb Calorimeter
the applicable building and mechanical codes.
E 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical
1.4 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this speci-
Tube Furnace at 750°C
fication are acceptable for use in manufactured homes when
E 871 Method of Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood
installed in accordance with the Manufactured Home Construc-
Fuels
tion and Safety Standards published by the Department of
E 873 Test Method for Bulk Density of Densified Particu-
Housing and Urban Development (HUD). See 24 CFR 3280.
late Biomass Fuels
1.5 The terms “product” or “room heater,” as used in this
2.2 ASME Standard:
specification, refer to all pellet fuel-burning room heaters or
ASME B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
any part thereof covered by the requirements of this specifica-
2.3 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations—Housing and Urban
tion, unless specifically noted otherwise.
Development:
1.6 No information provided in this specification is intended
24 CFR 3280 Manufactured Home Construction and Safety
to prevent the use of other methods or devices, provided that
Standards
sufficient technical data are submitted to the authority having
2.4 NFPA Standards:
jurisdiction to demonstrate that the proposed method or device
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
is equivalent in quality, strength, fire endurance, effectiveness,
NFPA 211 Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents and Solid-Fuel
durability, and safety to that prescribed in this specification.
Burning Appliances
1.7 The notes incorporated into this specification are not
prescriptive requirements. They are given for clarification and
informational purposes only.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for 4
Discontinued; see 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
information only. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05.
Available from American Society for Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47 St.,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on New York, NY 10017.
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Current edition approved Feb. 23, 1996. Published April 1996. Originally Available from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park,
published as E 1509 – 93. Last previous edition E 1509 – 95. Quincy, MA 02269.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1509
2.5 UL Standards: or material meets the appropriate standards or has been tested
UL 103 Chimneys, Factory-Built, Residential Type and and found to be suitable for use in a specified manner.
Building Heating Appliance 3.1.11 noncombustible material—a material that, in the
UL 181 Factory Made Air Ducts and Connectors form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated,
UL 641 Low-Temperature Venting Systems, Type L will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable
UL 907 Fireplace Accessories vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials reported as
UL 969 Marking and Labeling Systems passing the test, when tested in accordance with Test Method
UL 1482 Room Heaters, Solid Fuel Type E 136, shall be considered noncombustible materials.
2.6 ULC Standards: 3.1.12 pellet fuel—a solid processed biomass fuel of speci-
ULC S609 Low Temperature Vents, Type L fied size and composition capable of being fed to the room
ULC S629M 650°C Factory-Built Chimneys heater combustion system at a controlled rate.
3.1.13 room heater, pellet fuel type—a closed combustion,
3. Terminology
exhaust venting system connected, pellet fuel-burning room
heater incorporating a fuel feed control mechanism.
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to this Standard:
3.1.1 chimney—one or more passageways, vertical or nearly
4. Materials
so, for conveying flue gases to the outside atmosphere to which
4.1 The materials used shall be free of defects that will
the appliance exhaust is capable of being connected.
affect the performance and maintainability of individual com-
3.1.2 combustible material—material made of or surfaced
ponents of the overall assembly.
with wood, compressed paper, plant fibers, plastics, or other
4.2 A room heater and an exhaust venting system, if
material that will ignite and burn, whether flameproofed or not,
provided, shall be made of noncombustible corrosion-resistant
or whether plastered or unplastered.
materials. Metals shall not be used in combinations that have
3.1.3 combustion air control—a valve or plate or motor
the potential to cause galvanic action at any location within the
speed control, operated manually or automatically, that regu-
assembly.
lates the draft or flow of flue gases or inlet combustion air.
4.3 The minimum metal thickness of room heater nondeco-
3.1.4 connector pipe—a flue pipe that is part of the exhaust
rative parts, including any coatings, shall comply with the
venting system that ducts combustion products from the room
requirements given in Table 1.
heater to a chimney.
3.1.5 exhaust venting system—a flue pipe, either horizontal,
TABLE 1 Minimum Metal Thickness
vertical, or a combination of horizontal and vertical, that ducts
in. mm
combustion products from the room heater to the outside.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—An exhaust venting system consists of
Aluminum-coated steel Type T1-40 (Regular, 0.018 0.46
2 2
0.40 oz/ft (0.12 kg/m )
a listed vent system, or connector pipe and a listed factory-built
Aluminum alloys 0.016 0.41
chimney, or a masonry chimney, or an engineered vent system
Cast iron 0.125 3.17
provided as part of the pellet fuel-burning room heater.
Galvanized steel G60 coating class 0.018 0.45
Porcelain-enameled steel 0.032 0.81
3.1.6 floor protector (stove mat)—the noncombustible ma-
Stainless steel 0.012 0.30
terial applied to the combustible floor area located beneath the
Steel, uncoated or painted 0.042 1.07
product and extending beyond the front and sides and to the
rear of the product. The area is to be of the dimensions
specified in the installation instructions.
4.4 Aluminum alloys containing more than 1 % magnesium
3.1.7 grate—a frame for supporting the fuel within a room
shall not be used if the reflectivity of the material is employed
heater.
to reduce fire risk.
3.1.7.1 Discussion—The grate in a pellet fuel-burning room
4.5 The fire chamber and other parts of the room heater that
heater is also referred to as a burn pot or fire pot.
are in contact with flue gases and are visible after installation
3.1.8 hearth—the floor area within the fire chamber of a
shall be of material having the durability and resistance to fire
room heater.
and heat equivalent to fireclay tile, Series 300 or 400 stainless
3.1.9 hopper—an on-unit fuel reservoir that is gravity
steel, aluminum-coated steel, cast iron, or 0.042-in. (1.07-mm)
feeding through a bottom outlet to a controllable pellet fuel
thick unprotected or painted steel.
feed assembly.
NOTE 1—Cast iron and unprotected and painted sheet steel complying
3.1.10 listed—equipment or materials included in a list,
with the requirements of Footnotes K and L of Table 2 comply with the
published by an organization acceptable to the authority having
requirements of 4.5.
jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that main-
4.6 If required, chimney connectors shall be of materials
tains periodic inspection of the production of listed equipment
and thicknesses complying with the requirements of NFPA 211
or materials and whose listing states either that the equipment
and applicable building and mechanical codes.
4.7 Thermal insulation material shall be of metal or mineral
base. Asbestos materials shall not be used.
Available from Underwriters’ Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL
4.8 Thermal insulation shall comply with the following
60062.
conditions when the room heater is tested in accordance with
Available from Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada, 7 Crouse Road,
Scarborough, ON Canada MIR3A9. the following requirements:
E 1509
4.8.1 The products resulting from the combustion or vola- 5.1.5 Two or more parts or subassemblies that are required
tilization of any combustible binder shall be discharged to the or intended to bear a definite relationship to each other shall be
exhaust venting system. arranged and constructed so as to permit them to be incorpo-
4.8.2 Insulating material shall remain in the intended posi- rated into the complete assembly without need for alteration or
tion. alignment and only in the correct relationship with each other,
4.8.3 The insulation shall not show evidence of softening, or they shall be assembled and shipped from the factory as a
melting, or deterioration in a manner that will inhibit its single component.
function or create a hazard. 5.1.6 Parts of a room heater, such as support legs, radiation
4.9 Thermal insulation, other than firebox refractory mate- shields, and the like, that are necessary to limit temperatures on
rials, shall be protected from contact with combustion prod- adjacent construction shall be factory-attached, or they shall
ucts. comply with all of the following requirements:
4.10 Thermal insulation that is not self-supporting shall be 5.1.6.1 The parts shall be shipped with the room heater, or
applied to solid surfaces so that the insulation does not sag in they shall be marked with the name or trademark of the
any way that will interfere with the function of the insulation. manufacturer or private labeler, with a catalog number or
An adhesive or cement used to attach such material shall retain equivalent designation, and with the type of equipment with
its adhesive qualities at any temperature the adhesive attains which they are intended to be used. The associated heater shall
when tested in accordance with these requirements and at 0°F be marked to indicate the catalog number, or equivalent
(−17.8°C). designation of such a part, and the name of the manufacturer or
4.11 A water-absorbing insulating material shall be pro- private labeler of that part.
tected from wetting by condensation or rain when installed as 5.1.6.2 Assembly of the parts shall comply with the require-
intended. ments given in 5.1.3.
4.12 Friable materials shall not be used in air handling 5.1.6.3 The installation instructions shall define and illus-
compartments unless contained suitably. trate the intended assembly of the parts.
5.1.7 The room heater shall have no edges, corners, or
5. Construction Requirements
projections presenting risk of a cut or puncture-type injury to
5.1 General:
persons.
5.1.1 A room heater and related parts shall be constructed
5.2 Flue Collar—A flue collar shall provide for ready
and assembled so as to have the strength, rigidity, and
attachment of the specified exhaust venting system and fasten-
durability to withstand damage during tests in accordance with
ing of the exhaust venting system by at least two screws or
the following requirements and during handling and installa-
other equivalent mechanical methods.
tion.
5.3 Radiation Shield and Baffle—If provided, a radiation
5.1.2 A joint in a metal surface of a fire chamber or flue gas
shield or a baffle shall be constructed, formed, and supported to
passageway in a room heater shall be secured mechanically by
provide the intended positioning and to prevent distortion or
being welded, lock-seamed, riveted, or bolted. A joint shall be
sagging.
fastened together securely such that it does not rely solely on
5.4 Separable Handle:
a cement compound for tightness.
5.4.1 If provided, a separable handle shall not remain in
5.1.3 Each part or assembly shall be constructed for attach-
position when the user’s hand is withdrawn following use.
ment of one to the other without requiring alteration, cutting,
5.4.2 Storage means shall be provided on the device for
threading, drilling, welding, or similar tasks by the installer.
separable handles so that when the handle is stored as intended,
5.1.3.1 Exception—If an assembly or component part is
the temperatures on the separable handle shall not exceed the
intended to be cut to length or to be fitted by the installer,
specified temperature limits.
means shall be provided for joining any altered part to a
5.5 Combustion Air Duct System:
companion part or assembly. All fasteners required to complete
5.5.1 The combust
...
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