ASTM D7719-14b
(Specification)Standard Specification for High-Octane Unleaded Fuel
Standard Specification for High-Octane Unleaded Fuel
ABSTRACT
This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of a high octane unleaded test fuel under contract and is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies for testing purposes. This specification also defines a specific type of high octane unleaded test fuel for use as an aviation spark-ignition fuel. A new high-octane unleaded test fuel has been developed, which maintains the key performance parameters of existing reciprocating aircraft engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of a high-octane (MON) unleaded fuel under contract and is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies.2
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of high-octane (MON) unleaded fuel for use as an aviation spark-ignition fuel. It does not include all fuels satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded fuel at the time and place of delivery.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Designation:D7719 −14b
StandardSpecification for
High-Octane Unleaded Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D873Test Method for Oxidation Stability ofAviation Fuels
(Potential Residue Method)
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for
D909TestMethodforSuperchargeRatingofSpark-Ignition
purchases of a high-octane (MON) unleaded fuel under con-
Aviation Gasoline
tract and is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies.
D910Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of high-octane
D1094Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
(MON)unleadedfuelforuseasanaviationspark-ignitionfuel.
D1266TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(Lamp
It does not include all fuels satisfactory for reciprocating
Method)
aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
than is shown by this specification.
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1.3 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes D1319Test Method for HydrocarbonTypes in Liquid Petro-
therequiredpropertiesofunleadedfuelatthetimeandplaceof
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
delivery.
D2386Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D2622Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D2624Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviation
standard.
and Distillate Fuels
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D2700Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Ignition Engine Fuel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D3237TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion Spectroscopy
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
2. Referenced Documents
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Petroleum Products
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D4171Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
Atmospheric Pressure
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
Petroleum Products
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
D4306Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
D323TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
(Reid Method)
D4809Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
Method)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D4814Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Fuel
Subcommittee D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine
Fuels.
D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7719–14a. DOI:
D5006Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
10.1520/D7719-14B.
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1721.
D5059Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
troscopy
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D5191Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ucts (Mini Method)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D7719−14b
D6469GuideforMicrobialContaminationinFuelsandFuel 6. Materials and Manufacture
Systems
6.1 High-octane unleaded fuel, except as otherwise speci-
D6733Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-
fied in this specification, shall consist of blends of refined
ponents in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50-Metre
reformate hydrocarbons. The sources for these hydrocarbons
Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography
include biomass, natural gas, or crude petroleum.
D7826Guide for Evaluation of NewAviation Gasolines and
6.1.1 See Appendix X1 for one particular composition that
New Aviation Gasoline Additives
meets the parameters of Table 1.
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
6.2 Additives—These can be added to each grade of high-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
octane unleaded aviation fuel in the amount, and of the
3. Terminology composition, specified in the following list of approved mate-
rials:
3.1 Definitions:
6.2.1 Dyes—Thetotalmaximumconcentrationofdyeinthe
3.1.1 aviation gasoline fuel, n—fuel possessing specific
fuel is 6.0 mg/L.
properties suitable for operating aircraft powered by recipro-
6.2.1.1 The only blue dye present in the finished fuel shall
cating spark-ignition engines.
be essentially 1,4-dialkylaminoanthraquinone.
3.1.2 binary, adj—characterized by, or consisting of, two
6.2.1.2 The only yellow dyes in the finished fuel shall be
components.
essentially p-diethylaminoazobenzene (Color Index No.
3.1.3 biomass, n—biological material including any mate-
11021) or 1,3-benzenediol 2,4-bis [(alkylphenyl)azo-].
rial other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism or
6.2.1.3 Theonlyreddyepresentinthefinishedfuelshallbe
component or product of a living organism.
essentially alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol.
3.1.4 high-octane, adj—possessing a Motor octane number
6.2.1.4 Theonlyorangedyepresentinthefinishedfuelshall
(MON) greater than 100.
beessentiallybenzene-azo-2-napthol(ColorIndexNo.12055).
6.2.2 Other Additives—These may be added in the amount
4. General
and of the composition specified in the following list of
4.1 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes
approved materials. The quantities and types shall be declared
the required properties of a binary aviation fuel at the time and
by the manufacturer. Additives added after the point of
place of delivery.
manufacture shall also be declared.
6.2.2.1 Antioxidants—The following oxidation inhibitors
5. Classification
may be added to the fuel separately, or in combination, in total
5.1 One grade of high-octane unleaded fuel is provided, concentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not including
known as UL102. weight of solvent) per litre of fuel.
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for High-Octane Unleaded Fuel
Octane Ratings Grade UL102 ASTM Test Method
Knock value, Motor Octane Number min 102.2 D2700
Density at 15 °C, kg/m min 790
D1298 or D4052
max 825
Distillation D86
Initial boiling point, °C Report D86
Fuel Evaporated D86
10 volume % at °C max 75 D86
40 volume % at °C min 75 D86
50 volume % at °C max 165 D86
90 volume % at °C max 165 D86
Final boiling point, °C max 180 D86
Sumof10%+50% evaporated min 135 D86
temperatures, °C
Recovery, volume % min 97 D86
Residue, volume % max 1.5 D86
Loss, volume % max 1.5 D86
Vapor pressure, 37.8 °C, kPa min 38.0
D323 orD5191
max 49.0
Freezing point, °C max -58 D2386
Sulfur, mass % max 0.05 D1266 or D2622
Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 41.5 D4809
Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100 °C max No. 1 D130
Oxidation stability (5 h aging)
D873
Potential gum, mg/100 mL max 6
Water reaction
D1094
Volume change, mL max ±2
Electrical conductivity, pS/m max 450 D2624
Tetraethyl Lead, g Pb/L max 0.013 D3237 or D5059
TotalAromatics, vol% min 70 D1319 or D6733
D7719−14b
(1)2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol. 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
(2)2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.
8.1 The high-octane unleaded fuel specified in this specifi-
(3)2,6-ditertiary butylphenol.
cation shall be free from undissolved water, sediment, and
(4)75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 %
suspended matter. No substances of known dangerous toxicity,
maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.
under usual conditions of handling and use, shall be present
(5)75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 %
except as permitted in this specification.
maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.
(6)72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol
9. Sampling
plus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary butyl-
9.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling proce-
phenols.
dures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate proce-
(7)N,N’-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.
dures in Practice D4057 or Practice D4177.
(8)N,N’-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.
9.1.1 Although automatic sampling following Practice
6.2.2.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)—One of the
D4177maybeusefulincertainsituations,initialmanufacturer/
following materials may be used:
supplierspecificationcompliancetestingshallbeperformedon
(1)Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), in accordance
a sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.
with the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type II). May
be used in concentrations recommended by the aircraft manu-
9.2 A number of high-octane unleaded fuel properties,
facturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.
including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and others
(2)Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME),
are very sensitive to trace contamination which can originate
conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type
from sample containers. For recommended sample containers,
III). May be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %
refer to Practice D4306.
when required by the aircraft owner/operator.
(3)Test Method D5006 can be used to determine the
10. Reports
concentration of Di-EGME in aviation fuels.
10.1 Thetypeandnumberofreportstoensureconformance
NOTE1—Additionofisopropylalcohol(IPA)mayreduceknockratings
with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually
below minimum specification values.
agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier of the high-octane
6.2.2.3 Electrical Conductivity Additive—Stadis450incon-
unleaded fuel.
centrations up to 3 mg/L is permitted. When loss of fuel
conductivitynecessitatesretreatmentwithelectricalconductiv-
11. Test Methods
ity additive, further addition is permissible
11.1 Therequirementsenumeratedinthisspecificationshall
6.2.2.4 Corrosion Inhibitor Additive—The following corro-
be determined in accordance with the following ASTM test
sion inhibitors may be added to the fuel in concentrations not
methods:
to exceed the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) listed
11.1.1 Knock Value (Lean Rating)—Test Method D2700.
for each additive.
11.1.2 Tetraethyl Lead—Test Methods D3237 or D5059.
DCI-4A MAC = 24.0 g/m
3 11.1.3 Density—Test Methods D1298 or D4052.
DCI-6A MAC = 15.0 g/m
HITEC 580 MAC = 22.5 g/m 11.1.4 Distillation—Test Method D86.
NALCO 5403 MAC = 22.5 g/m
11.1.5 Freezing Point—Test Method D2386.
NALCO 5405 MAC = 11.0 g/m
3 11.1.6 Vapor Pressure—Test Methods D323 or D5191.
UNICOR J MAC = 22.5 g/m
SPEC-AID 8Q22 MAC = 24.0 g/m
11.1.7 Net Heat of Combustion—Test Method D4809.
TOLAD 351 MAC = 24.0 g/m
11.1.8 Sulfur—Test Methods D1266 or D2622.
TOLAD 4410 MAC = 22.5 g/m
11.1.9 Corrosion (Copper Strip)—Test Method D130,2h
7. Detailed Requirements
test at 100°C in bomb.
11.1.10 Potential Gum and Visible Lead Precipitate—Test
7.1 The high-octane unleaded fuel shall conform to the
Method D873 except that wherever the letter X occurs (refer-
requirements prescribed in Table 1.
ring to oxidation time) insert the number 5, designating the
7.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less
number of hours prescribed in this specification.
than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance
11.1.11 Water Reaction—Test Method D1094.
shall be made for the precision of the test methods. To
11.1.12 Electrical Conductivity—Test Method D2624.
determine the conformance to the specification requirement, a
11.1.13 Aromatic Content—Test Methods D1319 or D6733.
test result may be rounded to the same number of significant
figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple
12. Keywords
determinationsaremade,theaverageresult,roundedaccording
to Practice E29, shall be used. 12.1 aviation fuel; binary; high-octane; unleaded
D7719−14b
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. BINARY FUEL COMPOSITION
X1.1 Introduction X1.2 Composition
X1.1.1 A new high-octane unleaded fuel has been devel-
X1.2.1 The origin of the fuel lies in two essential engine
oped for reciprocating aircraft engines. The two essential
performance parameters: Motor Octane Number, and Vapor
performance parameters of MON and VPare inversely related
Pressure.Fig.X1.1showstheinverserelationshipofthesetwo
with respect to composition and thus can uniquely define a
parameters as a function of mesitylene composition.
composition range of the two components. The values for VP
X1.2.2 These two parameters coupled with the fact that the
and MON in Table 1 reflect the limiting values of the two
fuel is a binary composition, fix the effective composition
components. The binary fuel exhibits a higher volumetric
energy density (net heat of combustion times density) which is range as follows:
of great performance interest, although not explicitly stated in (1)High-Octane Composition: 84% mesitylene 16% iso-
Table 1. The distillation parameters reflect the binary compo-
pentane
sitional effects.This is an unleaded fuel, so the limit ofTELin
(2)High Limit Reid Composition 79% mesitylene 21%
Table1isthesameasisusedinSpecificationD4814formogas
isopentane
and is meant to mitigate unintentional contamination by TEL.
X1.2.3 These limits are proposed to define the binary fuel’s
Lastly, references to dyes remain in the specification so that
specification composition.
test groups may use them as necessary. This specification
covers a high-octane unleaded fuel developed for existing
spark-ignition aircraft engines.
----
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7719 − 14a D7719 − 14b
Standard Specification for
High-Octane Unleaded Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of a high-octane (MON) unleaded fuel under contract and
is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies.
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of high-octane (MON) unleaded fuel for use as an aviation spark-ignition fuel. It
does not include all fuels satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a
wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded fuel at the time and place of
delivery.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)
D909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation Gasoline
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0D02.J0.02 on Aviation Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2014. Published July 2014November 2014. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
D7719 – 14.D7719 – 14a. DOI: 10.1520/D7719-14A.10.1520/D7719-14B.
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1721.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7719 − 14b
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spectroscopy
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
D6733 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50-Metre Capillary High
Resolution Gas Chromatography
D7826 Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 aviation gasoline fuel, n—fuel possessing specific properties suitable for operating aircraft powered by reciprocating
spark-ignition engines.
3.1.2 binary, adj—characterized by, or consisting of, two components.
3.1.3 biomass, n—biological material including any material other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism or
component or product of a living organism.
3.1.4 high-octane, adj—possessing a Motor octane number (MON) greater than 100.
4. General
4.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of a binary aviation fuel at the time and
place of delivery.
5. Classification
5.1 One grade of high-octane unleaded fuel is provided, known as UL102.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 High-octane unleaded fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refined reformate
hydrocarbons. The sources for these hydrocarbons include biomass, natural gas, or crude petroleum.
6.1.1 See Appendix X1 for one particular composition that meets the parameters of Table 1.
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for High-Octane Unleaded Fuel
Octane Ratings Grade UL102 ASTM Test Method
Knock value, Motor Octane Number min 102.2 D2700
Density at 15 °C, kg/m min 790
D1298 or D4052
max 825
Distillation D86
Initial boiling point, °C Report D86
Fuel Evaporated D86
10 volume % at °C max 75 D86
40 volume % at °C min 75 D86
50 volume % at °C max 165 D86
90 volume % at °C max 165 D86
Final boiling point, °C max 180 D86
Sum of 10 % + 50 % evaporated min 135 D86
temperatures, °C
Recovery, volume % min 97 D86
Residue, volume % max 1.5 D86
Loss, volume % max 1.5 D86
Vapor pressure, 37.8 °C, kPa min 38.0
D323 orD5191
max 49.0
Freezing point, °C max -58 D2386
Sulfur, mass % max 0.05 D1266 or D2622
Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 41.5 D4809
Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100 °C max No. 1 D130
Oxidation stability (5 h aging)
D873
Potential gum, mg/100 mL max 6
Water reaction
D1094
Volume change, mL max ±2
Electrical conductivity, pS/m max 450 D2624
Tetraethyl Lead, g Pb/L max 0.013 D3237 or D5059
Total Aromatics, vol % min 70 D1319 or D6733
D7719 − 14b
6.2 Additives—These can be added to each grade of high-octane unleaded aviation fuel in the amount, and of the composition,
specified in the following list of approved materials:
6.2.1 Dyes—The total maximum concentration of dye in the fuel is 6.0 mg/L.
6.2.1.1 The only blue dye present in the finished fuel shall be essentially 1,4-dialkylaminoanthraquinone.
6.2.1.2 The only yellow dyes in the finished fuel shall be essentially p-diethylaminoazobenzene (Color Index No. 11021) or
1,3-benzenediol 2,4-bis [(alkylphenyl)azo-].
6.2.1.3 The only red dye present in the finished fuel shall be essentially alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol.
6.2.1.4 The only orange dye present in the finished fuel shall be essentially benzene-azo-2-napthol (Color Index No. 12055).
6.2.2 Other Additives—These may be added in the amount and of the composition specified in the following list of approved
materials. The quantities and types shall be declared by the manufacturer. Additives added after the point of manufacture shall also
be declared.
6.2.2.1 Antioxidants—The following oxidation inhibitors may be added to the fuel separately, or in combination, in total
concentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not including weight of solvent) per litre of fuel.
(1) 2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.
(2) 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.
(3) 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol.
(4) 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.
(5) 75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 % maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.
(6) 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol plus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary butylphenols.
(7) N,N’-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.
(8) N,N’-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.
6.2.2.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)—One of the following materials may be used:
(1) Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), in accordance with the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type II). May be used
in concentrations recommended by the aircraft manufacturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.
(2) Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type III).
May be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume % when required by the aircraft owner/operator.
(3) Test Method D5006 can be used to determine the concentration of Di-EGME in aviation fuels.
NOTE 1—Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) may reduce knock ratings below minimum specification values.
6.2.2.3 Electrical Conductivity Additive—Stadis 450 in concentrations up to 3 mg/L is permitted. When loss of fuel conductivity
necessitates retreatment with electrical conductivity additive, further addition is permissible
6.2.2.4 Corrosion Inhibitor Additive—The following corrosion inhibitors may be added to the fuel in concentrations not to
exceed the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) listed for each additive.
DCI-4A MAC = 24.0 g/m
DCI-6A MAC = 15.0 g/m
HITEC 580 MAC = 22.5 g/m
NALCO 5403 MAC = 22.5 g/m
NALCO 5405 MAC = 11.0 g/m
UNICOR J MAC = 22.5 g/m
SPEC-AID 8Q22 MAC = 24.0 g/m
TOLAD 351 MAC = 24.0 g/m
TOLAD 4410 MAC = 22.5 g/m
7. Detailed Requirements
7.1 The high-octane unleaded fuel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
7.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall be
made for the precision of the test methods. To determine the conformance to the specification requirement, a test result may be
rounded to the same number of significant figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determinations are made, the
average result, rounded according to Practice E29, shall be used.
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
8.1 The high-octane unleaded fuel specified in this specification shall be free from undissolved water, sediment, and suspended
matter. No substances of known dangerous toxicity, under usual conditions of handling and use, shall be present except as
permitted in this specification.
9. Sampling
9.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling procedures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate procedures in
Practice D4057 or Practice D4177.
9.1.1 Although automatic sampling following Practice D4177 may be useful in certain situations, initial manufacturer/supplier
specification compliance testing shall be performed on a sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.
D7719 − 14b
9.2 A number of high-octane unleaded fuel properties, including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and others are very
sensitive to trace contamination which can originate from sample containers. For recommended sample containers, refer to Practice
D4306.
10. Reports
10.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreed
to by the purchaser and the supplier of the high-octane unleaded fuel.
11. Test Methods
11.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM test
methods:
11.1.1 Knock Value (Lean Rating)—Test Method D2700.
11.1.2 Tetraethyl Lead—Test Methods D3237 or D5059.
11.1.3 Density—Test Methods D1298 or D4052.
11.1.4 Distillation—Test Method D86.
11.1.5 Freezing Point—Test Method D2386.
11.1.6 Vapor Pressure—Test Methods D323 or D5191.
11.1.7 Net Heat of Combustion—Test Method D4809.
11.1.8 Sulfur—Test Methods D1266 or D2622.
11.1.9 Corrosion (Copper Strip)—Test Method D130, 2 h test at 100°C in bomb.
11.1.10 Potential Gum and Visible Lead Precipitate—Test Method D873 except that wherever the letter X occurs (referring to
oxidation time) insert the number 5, designating the number of hours prescribed in this specification.
11.1.11 Water Reaction—Test Method D1094.
11.1.12 Electrical Conductivity—Test Method D2624.
11.1.13 Aromatic Content—Test Methods D1319 or D6733.
12. Keywords
12.1 aviation fuel; binary; high-octane; unleaded
APPENDIXAPPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. BINARY FUEL COMPOSITION
X1.1 Introduction
X1.1.1 A new high-octane unleaded fuel has been developed for reciprocating aircraft engines. The two essential performance
parameters of MON and VP are inversely related with respect to composition and thus can uniquely define a composition range
of the two components. The values for VP and MON in Table 1 reflect the limiting values of the two components. The binary fuel
exhibits a higher volumetric energy density (net heat of combustion times density) which is of great performance interest, although
not explicitly stated in Table 1. The distillation parameters reflect the binary compositional effects. This is an unleaded fuel, so the
limit of TEL in Table 1 is the same as is used in Specification D4814 for mogas and is meant to mitigate unintentional
contamination by TEL. Lastly, references to dyes remain in the specification so that test groups may use them as necessary. This
specification covers a high-octane unleaded fuel developed for existing spark-ignition aircraft engines.
X1.2 Composition
X1.2.1 The origin of the f
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