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ASTM D5756-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Mass Concentration

Standard Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Mass Concentration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This microvacuum sampling and indirect analysis method is used for the general testing of non-airborne dust samples for asbestos. It is used to assist in the evaluation of dust that may be found on surfaces in buildings, such as ceiling tiles, shelving, electrical components, duct work, carpet, etc. This test method provides an estimate of the mass surface loading of asbestos in the dust reported as either the mass of asbestos per unit area or as the mass of asbestos per mass of sampled dust as derived from a quantitative TEM analysis.
5.1.1 This test method does not describe procedures or techniques required to evaluate the safety or habitability of buildings with asbestos-containing materials, or compliance with federal, state, or local regulations or statutes. It is the user’responsibility to make these determinations.
5.1.2 At present, no relationship has been established between asbestos-containing dust as measured by this test method and potential human exposure to airborne asbestos. Accordingly, the users should consider other available information in their interpretation of the data obtained from this test method.
This definition of dust accepts all particles small enough to pass through a 1 mm screen. Thus, a single, large asbestos-containing particle(s) (from the large end of the particle size distribution) disassembled during sample preparation may result in anomalously large asbestos surface loading results in the TEM analyses of that sample. Conversely, failure to disaggregate large particles may result in anomalously low asbestos mass surface loadings. It is, therefore, recommended that multiple independent samples be secured from the same area, and that a minimum of three samples be analyzed by the entire procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to ( a) identify asbestos in dust and (b) provide an estimate of the surface loading of asbestos in the sampled dust, reported as either the mass of asbestos per unit area of sampled surface or as the mass of asbestos per mass of sampled dust.
1.1.1 If an estimate of asbestos structure counts is to be determined, the user is referred to Test Method D 5755.
1.2 This test method describes the equipment and procedures necessary for sampling, by a microvacuum technique, non-airborne dust for levels of asbestos. The non-airborne sample is collected inside a standard filter membrane cassette from the sampling of a surface area for dust which may contain asbestos.
1.2.1 This procedure uses a microvacuuming sampling technique. The collection efficiency of this technique is unknown. Variability of collection efficiency for any particular substrate and across different types of substrates is also unknown. The effects of sampling efficiency differences and variability on the interpretation of dust sampling measurements have not been determined.
1.3 Asbestos identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is based on morphology, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). Some information about structure size is also determined.
1.4 This test method is generally applicable for an estimate of the surface loading of asbestos starting from approximately 0.24 pg of asbestos per square centimetre (assuming a minimum fiber dimension of 0.5 m by 0.025 μm, see 17.8), but will vary with the analytical parameters noted in 17.8.
1.4.1 The procedure outlined in this test method employs an indirect sample preparation technique. It is intended to disaggregate and disperse asbestos into fibrils and fiber bundles that can be more accurately identified, counted, and sized by transmission electron microscopy. However, as with all indirect sample preparation techniques, the asbestos observed for quantitation may not represent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled. More specifically, the procedure described neither creates not destroys asbestos, but it may alter the physical form of t...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.07 - Sampling, Analysis, Management of Asbestos, and Other Microscopic Particles
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5756-95 - Standard Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Mass Concentration
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D5756-02(2008) - Standard Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Mass Surface Loading (Withdrawn 2017)
Effective Date
15-Apr-2008
Referred By
ASTM E3272-21 - Standard Guide for Collection of Soils and Other Geological Evidence for Criminal Forensic Applications
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7712-18 - Standard Terminology for Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002

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ASTM D5756-02 - Standard Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Mass ConcentrationASTM D5756-02 - Standard Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Mass Concentration
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ASTM D5756-02 - Standard Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Mass Concentration
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5756–02
Standard Test Method for
Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by
Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Mass
1
Surface Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope quantitation may not represent the physical form of the
asbestos as sampled. More specifically, the procedure de-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to (a) identify
scribed neither creates not destroys asbestos, but it may alter
asbestos in dust and (b) provide an estimate of the surface
the physical form of the mineral fibers.
loading of asbestos in the sampled dust, reported as either the
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
mass of asbestos per unit area of sampled surface or as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
mass of asbestos per mass of sampled dust.
only.
1.1.1 If an estimate of asbestos structure counts is to be
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
determined, the user is referred to Test Method D5755.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This test method describes the equipment and proce-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dures necessary for sampling, by a microvacuum technique,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
non-airborne dust for levels of asbestos. The non-airborne
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sample is collected inside a standard filter membrane cassette
fromthesamplingofasurfaceareafordustwhichmaycontain
2. Referenced Documents
asbestos.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.1 Thisprocedureusesamicrovacuumingsamplingtech-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
nique. The collection efficiency of this technique is unknown.
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
Variability of collection efficiency for any particular substrate
D5755 Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indi-
and across different types of substrates is also unknown. The
rect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Micros-
effectsofsamplingefficiencydifferencesandvariabilityonthe
copy for Asbestos Structure Number surface loadings
interpretation of dust sampling measurements have not been
D6620 Practice for Determining a Detection Limit for
determined.
Asbestos Measurements Based on Counts
1.3 Asbestosidentifiedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
(TEM) is based on morphology, selected area electron diffrac-
2.2 ISO Standards:
tion (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA).
ISO/10312 AmbientAir: Determination ofAsbestos Fibers;
Some information about structure size is also determined.
DirectTransferTransmission Electron Microscopy Proce-
1.4 This test method is generally applicable for an estimate
3
dure
of the surface loading of asbestos starting from approximately
ISO/CD13794 Ambient Air: Determination of Asbestos Fi-
0.24 pg of asbestos per square centimetre (assuming a mini-
bres; Indirect-TransferTransmission Electron Microscopy
mum fiber dimension of 0.5 µm by 0.025 µm, see 17.8), but
3
Procedure
will vary with the analytical parameters noted in 17.8.
1.4.1 Theprocedureoutlinedinthistestmethodemploysan
3. Terminology
indirect sample preparation technique. It is intended to disag-
3.1 Definitions:
gregate and disperse asbestos into fibrils and fiber bundles that
3.1.1 asbestiform—a special type of fibrous habit in which
can be more accurately identified, counted, and sized by
the fibers are separable into thinner fibers and ultimately into
transmission electron microscopy. However, as with all indi-
rect sample preparation techniques, the asbestos observed for
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Sampling andAnalysis ofAtmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
mittee D22.07 on Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved November 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Origi- Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
nally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D5756-95. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.  
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1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
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3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
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ASTM
ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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