ASTM E854-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Application and Analysis of Solid State Track Recorder (SSTR) Monitors for Reactor Surveillance
Standard Test Method for Application and Analysis of Solid State Track Recorder (SSTR) Monitors for Reactor Surveillance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The SSTR method provides for the measurement of absolute-fission density per unit mass. Absolute-neutron fluence can then be inferred from these SSTR-based absolute fission rate observations if an appropriate neutron spectrum average fission cross section is known. This method is highly discriminatory against other components of the in-core radiation field. Gamma rays, beta rays, and other lightly ionizing particles do not produce observable tracks in appropriate LWR SSTR candidate materials. However, photofission can contribute to the observed fission track density and should therefore be accounted for when nonnegligible. For a more detailed discussion of photofission effects, see 14.4.
4.2 In this test method, SSTRs are placed in surface contact with fissionable deposits and record neutron-induced fission fragments. By variation of the surface mass density (μg/cm 2) of the fissionable deposit as well as employing the allowable range of track densities (from roughly 1 event/cm2 up to 105 events/cm2 for manual scanning), a range of total fluence sensitivity covering at least 16 orders of magnitude is possible, from roughly 102 n/cm 2 up to 5 × 10 18 n/cm2. The allowable range of fission track densities is broader than the track density range for high accuracy manual scanning work with optical microscopy cited in 1.2. In particular, automated and semi-automated methods exist that broaden the customary track density range available with manual optical microscopy. In this broader track density region, effects of reduced counting statistics at very low track densities and track pile-up corrections at very high track densities can present inherent limitations for work of high accuracy. Automated scanning techniques are described in Section 11.
4.3 For dosimetry applications, different energy regions of the neutron spectrum can be selectively emphasized by changing the nuclide used for the fission deposit.
4.4 It is possible to use SSTRs directly for neutron ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the use of solid-state track recorders (SSTRs) for neutron dosimetry in light-water reactor (LWR) applications. These applications extend from low neutron fluence to high neutron fluence, including high power pressure vessel surveillance and test reactor irradiations as well as low power benchmark field measurement. (1)2 Special attention is given to the use of state-of-the-art manual and automated track counting methods to attain high absolute accuracies. In-situ dosimetry in actual high fluence-high temperature LWR applications is emphasized.
1.2 This test method includes SSTR analysis by both manual and automated methods. To attain a desired accuracy, the track scanning method selected places limits on the allowable track density. Typically, good results are obtained in the range of 5 to 800 000 tracks/cm2 and accurate results at higher track densities have been demonstrated for some cases. (2) Track density and other factors place limits on the applicability of the SSTR method at high fluences. Special care must be exerted when measuring neutron fluences (E>1MeV) above 1016 n/cm2 (3) .
1.3 Low fluence and high fluence limitations exist. These limitations are discussed in detail in Sections 13 and 14 and in Refs (3-5).
1.4 SSTR observations provide time-integrated reaction rates. Therefore, SSTRs are truly passive-fluence detectors. They provide permanent records of dosimetry experiments without the need for time-dependent corrections, such as decay factors that arise with radiometric monitors.
1.5 Since SSTRs provide a spatial record of the time-integrated reaction rate at a microscopic level, they can be used for “fine-structure” measurements. For example, spatial distributions of isotopic fission rates can be obtained at very high resolution with SSTRs.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E854 −19
Standard Test Method for
Application and Analysis of Solid State Track Recorder
1
(SSTR) Monitors for Reactor Surveillance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope butions of isotopic fission rates can be obtained at very high
resolution with SSTRs.
1.1 This test method describes the use of solid-state track
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
recorders (SSTRs) for neutron dosimetry in light-water reactor
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(LWR) applications. These applications extend from low
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
neutron fluence to high neutron fluence, including high power
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
pressurevesselsurveillanceandtestreactorirradiationsaswell
2
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
as low power benchmark field measurement. (1) Special
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
attention is given to the use of state-of-the-art manual and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
automated track counting methods to attain high absolute
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
accuracies. In-situ dosimetry in actual high fluence-high tem-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
perature LWR applications is emphasized.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method includes SSTR analysis by both
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
manual and automated methods. To attain a desired accuracy,
the track scanning method selected places limits on the
2. Referenced Documents
allowable track density. Typically, good results are obtained in
3
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the range of 5 to 800 000 tracks/cm and accurate results at
E844Guide for Sensor Set Design and Irradiation for
higher track densities have been demonstrated for some cases.
Reactor Surveillance
(2) Track density and other factors place limits on the appli-
cability of the SSTR method at high fluences. Special care
3. Summary of Test Method
must be exerted when measuring neutron fluences (E>1MeV)
16 2
3.1 SSTRs are usually placed in firm surface contact with a
above 10 n/cm (3).
fissionable nuclide that has been deposited on a pure nonfis-
1.3 Low fluence and high fluence limitations exist. These
sionable metal substrate (backing). This typical SSTR geom-
limitations are discussed in detail in Sections 13 and 14 and in
etry is depicted in Fig. 1. Neutron-induced fission produces
Refs (3-5).
latent fission-fragment tracks in the SSTR. These tracks may
1.4 SSTR observations provide time-integrated reaction
be developed by chemical etching to a size that is observable
rates. Therefore, SSTRs are truly passive-fluence detectors. with an optical microscope. Microphotographs of etched fis-
They provide permanent records of dosimetry experiments
siontracksinmica,quartzglass,andnaturalquartzcrystalscan
withouttheneedfortime-dependentcorrections,suchasdecay be seen in Fig. 2.
factors that arise with radiometric monitors.
3.1.1 While the conventional SSTR geometry depicted in
Fig. 1 is not mandatory, it does possess distinct advantages for
1.5 Since SSTRs provide a spatial record of the time-
dosimetry applications. In particular, it provides the highest
integratedreactionrateatamicroscopiclevel,theycanbeused
efficiency and sensitivity while maintaining a fixed and easily
for “fine-structure” measurements. For example, spatial distri-
reproducible geometry.
3.1.2 Thetrackdensity(thatis,thenumberoftracksperunit
area) is proportional to the fission density (that is, the number
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE10onNuclear
of fissions per unit area). The fission density is, in turn,
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E10.05 on Nuclear Radiation Metrology.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
ɛ1
3
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E854–14 . DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E0854-19. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summar
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E854 − 14 E854 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Application and Analysis of Solid State Track Recorder
1
(SSTR) Monitors for Reactor Surveillance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The title of this test method and the Referenced Documents were updated editorially in May 2017.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the use of solid-state track recorders (SSTRs) for neutron dosimetry in light-water reactor (LWR)
applications. These applications extend from low neutron fluence to high neutron fluence, including high power pressure vessel
2
surveillance and test reactor irradiations as well as low power benchmark field measurement. (1) This test method replaces
Method Special E418. This test method is more detailed and special attention is given to the use of state-of-the-art manual and
automated track counting methods to attain high absolute accuracies. In-situ dosimetry in actual high fluence-high temperature
LWR applications is emphasized.
1.2 This test method includes SSTR analysis by both manual and automated methods. To attain a desired accuracy, the track
scanning method selected places limits on the allowable track density. Typically, good results are obtained in the range of 5 to
2
800 000 tracks/cm and accurate results at higher track densities have been demonstrated for some cases. (2) Track density and
other factors place limits on the applicability of the SSTR method at high fluences. Special care must be exerted when measuring
16 2
neutron fluences (E>1MeV) above 10 n/cm (3).
1.3 Low fluence and high fluence limitations exist. These limitations are discussed in detail in Sections 13 and 14 and in Refs
(3-5).
1.4 SSTR observations provide time-integrated reaction rates. Therefore, SSTRSSTRs are truly passive-fluence detectors. They
provide permanent records of dosimetry experiments without the need for time-dependent corrections, such as decay factors that
arise with radiometric monitors.
1.5 Since SSTRSSTRs provide a spatial record of the time-integrated reaction rate at a microscopic level, they can be used for
“fine-structure” measurements. For example, spatial distributions of isotopic fission rates can be obtained at very high resolution
with SSTR.SSTRs.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4
E418 Test Method for Fast-Neutron Flux Measurements by Track-Etch Techniques (Withdrawn 1984)
E844 Guide for Sensor Set Design and Irradiation for Reactor Surveillance
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E10.05
on Nuclear Radiation Metrology.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2019. Published October 2014December 2019. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
ɛ1
as E854 – 03E854 – 14 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/E0854-14E01.10.1520/E0854-19.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to this test method.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E854 − 19
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 SSTRSSTRs are usually placed in firm surface contact with a fissionable nuclide that has been deposited on a pure
nonfissionable metal substrate (backing). This
...
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