ASTM C1812/C1812M-22

Standard Practice for Design of Journal Bearing Supports to be Used in Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beam Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of friction in the supporting rollers used when testing a fiber-reinforced concrete beam will increase the apparent load resistance of the beam. Roller supports designed in accordance with this practice will provide a relatively low and consistent value of friction at the supports.  
4.2 Two types of rollers are used to support a beam. One includes a cylindrical bearing that allows the roller assembly to rotate along an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam and thereby accommodate any warping introduced during specimen fabrication. The other roller does not include the cylindrical bearing.  
4.3 The rollers are designed for use with 150 mm [6 in.] or 100 mm [4 in.] deep beams of square cross-section.  
4.4 A method is provided for correcting the apparent load resistance measured using the roller with a known value of the effective coefficient of friction of the roller supports to obtain an estimate of the load resistance in the absence of friction.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice prescribes the design of journal-bearing type rollers to support each end of fiber-reinforced concrete beams tested using Test Method C1399/C1399M or Test Method C1609/C1609M. The roller design is intended to provide a consistent and relatively low value of effective coefficient of friction at the beam supports. The bearing design incorporates metal-on-metal sliding surfaces lubricated with grease.
Note 1: During the progress of a test, a crack or cracks open on the underside of the beam between the loaded third points causing the underside of each portion of the beam to move away from the center. The design is intended to provide for unlimited rotation of the roller at the point of contact with the test beam in response to this motion.
Note 2: The design of the supporting rollers is a significant factor in determining the magnitude of the arching forces that cause error in flexural test results.2 Improperly designed supporting rollers can influence the apparent flexural behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete beams.3 The effective coefficient of friction can be determined using a method similar to that described by Bernard.4  
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2022
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.42 - Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1812/C1812M − 22
Standard Practice for
Design of Journal Bearing Supports to be Used in Fiber
1
Reinforced Concrete Beam Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1812/C1812M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* system shall be used independently of the other, and values
from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.1 This practice prescribes the design of journal-bearing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
type rollers to support each end of fiber-reinforced concrete
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
beams tested using Test Method C1399/C1399M or Test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Method C1609/C1609M. The roller design is intended to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
provide a consistent and relatively low value of effective
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
coefficient of friction at the beam supports. The bearing design
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
incorporates metal-on-metal sliding surfaces lubricated with
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
grease.
NOTE 1—During the progress of a test, a crack or cracks open on the ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
underside of the beam between the loaded third points causing the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
underside of each portion of the beam to move away from the center. The
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
design is intended to provide for unlimited rotation of the roller at the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
point of contact with the test beam in response to this motion.
NOTE 2—The design of the supporting rollers is a significant factor in
determining the magnitude of the arching forces that cause error in 2. Referenced Documents
2
flexural test results. Improperly designed supporting rollers can influence
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
the apparent flexural behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete beams. The
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
effective coefficient of friction can be determined using a method similar
4
to that described by Bernard. gregates
C1399/C1399M Test Method for Obtaining Average
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes
Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
C1609/C1609M Test Method for Flexural Performance of
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using BeamWithThird-Point
as requirements of the standard.
Loading)
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D4950 Classification and Specification for Automotive Ser-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
vice Greases
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
6
2.2 SAE International Standard:
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
J 404 Chemical Composition of SAE Alloy Steels
3. Terminology
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
3.1 Definitions:
andConcreteAggregatesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC09.42on
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2022. Published January 2023. Originally
Terminology C125.
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1812/C1812M–15.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
DOI: 10.1520/C1812_C1812M-22.
2
3.2.1 effective coeffıcient of friction, n—a dimensionless
Zollo,R.F.,2013.“AnalysisofSupportApparatusforFlexuralLoad-deflection
Testing: Minimizing Bias,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation,ASTM International,
ratio of the horizontal force required to initiate rotation of the
Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 1-6.
3
Wille, K. and Parra-Montesinos, G.J., 2012. “Effect of Beam Size, Casting
Method, and Support Conditions on Flexural Behavior of Ultra-High-Performance
5
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete,” ACI Journal of Materials, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
379-388. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Bernard, E.S., 2014. “Influence of friction in supporting rollers on the apparent Standards volume information, refer to the stan
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C1812/C1812M − 15 C1812/C1812M − 22
Standard Practice for
Design of Journal Bearing Supports to be Used in Fiber
1
Reinforced Concrete Beam Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1812/C1812M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The designation was corrected editorially in June 2016 to conform with the units statement (1.2).
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice prescribes the design of journal-bearing type rollers to support each end of fiber-reinforced concrete beams tested
using Test Method C1399/C1399M or Test Method C1609/C1609M. The roller design is intended to provide a consistent and
relatively low value of effective coefficient of friction at the beam supports. The bearing design incorporates metal-on-metal sliding
surfaces lubricated with grease.
NOTE 1—During the progress of a test, a crack or cracks open on the underside of the beam between the loaded third points causing the underside of each
portion of the beam to move away from the center. The design is intended to provide for unlimited rotation of the roller at the point of contact with the
test beam in response to this motion.
NOTE 2—The design of the supporting rollers is a significant factor in determining the magnitude of the arching forces that cause error in flexural test
2 3
results. Improperly designed supporting rollers can influence the apparent flexural behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete beams. The effective coefficient
4
of friction can be determined using a method similar to that described by Bernard.
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding
those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
used independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.42 on
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015Dec. 15, 2022. Published September 2015January 2023. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
C1812/C1812M–15. DOI: 10.1520/C1812_C1812M-15E01.10.1520/C1812_C1812M-22.
2
Zollo, R. F., 2013. “Analysis of Support Apparatus for Flexural Load-deflection Testing: Minimizing Bias,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation, ASTM International, Vol.
41, No. 1, pp. 1-6.
3
Wille, K. and Parra-Montesinos, G.J., 2012. “Effect of Beam Size, Casting Method, and Support Conditions on Flexural Behavior of Ultra-High-Performance
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete,” ACI Journal of Materials, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 379-388.
4
Bernard, E.S., 2014. “Influence of friction in supporting rollers on the apparent flexural performance of third-point loaded fibre reinforced concrete beams,” Advanced
Civil Engineering Materials, ASTM International Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 158-176.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1812/C1812M − 22
2. Referenced Documents
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C1399/C1399M Test Method
...