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ASTM D1973-91

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Design of a Liner System for Containment of Wastes (Withdrawn 2000)

Standard Guide for Design of a Liner System for Containment of Wastes (Withdrawn 2000)

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information which will aid in the design of liner systems to minimize the migration of wastes to the environment. Basic information is provided on facility requirements and site characteristics. Information on various liner materials including test methods and suggestions for determination of liner characteristics and compatibility with wastes are also presented.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-1990
Withdrawal Date
09-Aug-2000
ICS
13.030.40 - Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D1973-91 - Standard Guide for Design of a Liner System for Containment of Wastes (Withdrawn 2000)ASTM D1973-91 - Standard Guide for Design of a Liner System for Containment of Wastes (Withdrawn 2000)
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ASTM D1973-91 - Standard Guide for Design of a Liner System for Containment of Wastes (Withdrawn 2000)
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13 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)

ASTM DI1973 91 0759510 00739V8 O =
(0 Designation: D 1973 - 91
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
1916 Race St Philadelphia, Pa 19103
Reprinted from the AnnuaI Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
if not Ilsted In the current comblned Index, wiii appear In the nexi edition.
Standard Guide for
Design of a Liner System for Containment of Wastes'
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1973; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (c) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 422 Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils6
D 427 Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils6
1.1 This guide covers information which will aid in the
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property-Effect a
design of liner systems to minimize the migration of wastes
Liquids5
to the environment. Basic information is provided on facility
D 558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of
requirements and site characteristics. Information on various
Soil-Cement Mixtures6
liner materials including test methods and suggestions for
D559 Method for Wetting-and-Drying Tests of Com-
determination of liner characteristics and compatibility with
pacted Soil-Cement Mixtures6
wastes are also presented,
D 560 Methods for Freezing-and-Thawing Tests of Com-
pacted Soil-Cement Mixtures6
2. Referenced Documents
D 624 Test Method for Rubber Property-Tear Resist-
ance5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics7
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates2
D 698 Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of
C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
Soils and Soil Aggregate Mixtures, Using 5.5-lb (2.5-kg)
Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Speci-
Rammer and 12-in. (305-mm) Drop6
men~)~
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement3 D 746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics
C 226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use and Elastomers by Impact7
D 75 1 Method of Testing Coated Fabrics8
in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Portland Cement3
C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for D 792 Test Methods for Specific Gravity (Relative Den-
Concrete2 sity) and Density of Plastics by Displacement7
C 31 1 Method for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
D 806 Test Method for Cement Content of Soil-Cement
Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Minera1 Admixture in
Mixtures6
Portland Cement Concretez
D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
C 494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Con-
Sheeting7
Cretez
D 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic
C 573 Method for Chemical Analysis of Fireclay and
Film and Sheeting7
High-Alumina Refractories4
D 1 149 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration-Surface
C 593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for
Ozone Cracking in a Chambers
Use with Lime3
D 1203 Test Methods for Volatile Loss from Plastics Using
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements3
Activated Carbon Methods7
C 618 Specification for Fiy Ash and Raw or Calcined
D 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
Portland Cement Concrete2
Temperature7
C 821 Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans3
D 1239 Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Films to
C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement3
Extraction by Chemicals7
D 4 12 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Tension5
D 1556 Test Method for Density of Soil In-Place by the
D 4 13 Test Methods for Rubber Property-Adhesion to
Sand-Cone Method6
Flexible Substrate5
D 1557 Test Method for Moisture-Density Relations of
D 421 Practices for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for
Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using IO-lb (4.54 kg)
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil
Rammer and 18411. (457-mm) Drop6
Constants6
D 1558 Test Method for Moisture Content Penetration
Resistance Relationships of Fine-Grained Soils6
D 1586 Method for Penetration Test and Split-Barrel
I This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-34 on Waste
Sampling of Soils6
Disposal and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitfcc D34.05 on Evaluation of
Lincr Matcriiils,
D 1593 Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic
Currciii cdition approvcd April 15, 1091. I'ublishcd June 15)5)1.
Sheeting7
Aiitiirul Book ofASTM Slutidurds, Vol 04.02.
Aiaiird Book of ASTM Slandards, Vol 04.0 I.
Atitiirul Book of ASTMSiondards, Vol 03.06.
Aiiiiiid Rítitk i$ASTkf S/ (' ~~iitlf/O/ ßfJük i$AS'fhf SlUt/dord,s, vol 04.0X.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ASTM DI1973 91 0753530 00739q9 2
1973
D4545 Practice for Determining the
...

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4.1 This guide is suitable for sampling heterogeneous wastes.  
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4.3 Sections 5 – 10 describe a guide for the sampling of heterogeneous waste according to project objectives. Appendix X1 describes an application of the guide to heterogeneous wastes. The user is strongly advised to read Annex A1 prior to reading and employing Sections 5 – 10 of this guide.  
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5.1 These test methods are intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in identifying the flammability potential or waste materials. In addition to the test methods described here, flash points specific to liquid waste can be determined according to Test Method D8174 or D8175.
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5.2 The purpose of collecting waste samples directly from a truck (rather than the waste source) is often to verify (usually with screening analyses) that the waste contained in the truck is the same or similar material from a waste source that has been previously characterized and approved for treatment or disposal, or both. Additionally, it may be a safer or logistically easier to sample the waste from a truck over the waste source.
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4.3.5 Regulatory considerations, such as regulatory classification and characterization data; and  
4.3.6 Limits and bias of sampling methods, including bias that may be introduced by waste heterogeneity, sampling design, and sampling equipment.  
4.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D4687, which addresses sampling design, quality assurance, general sampling considerations, preservation and containerization, cleaning equipment, packaging, and chain of custody.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representative samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data interpretation.  
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5.1 This practice is intended for use by those in waste management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions due to oxidizing compounds in wastes.
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5.1 This practice is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in describing the physical characteristics of waste.  
5.2 This practice has two uses. One is to visually screen wastes being received at the laboratory to identify discrepancies between the waste, manifest, and historical descriptions. The other use is to visually examine soil and water samples while they are being collected. This information, along with professional judgment during sample collection, can be used to increase the knowledge of the site contamination by increasing or reducing the number of samples collected based on visible indication of contamination or lack of visible indication of contamination. For example, if a soil or groundwater sample is collected “up gradient” of the area of known or suspected contamination to obtain site background concentrations, and the sample appears contaminated, the up-gradient area can be relocated during that sampling event. Visual observation could also show that the sampling parameters need to be increased or decreased. This may reduce or eliminate the need for additional sampling trips to the field.
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Standard Test Method for Characterizing the Performance of Refuse Size-Reduction Equipment

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5.1 Throughput, power and energy requirements, and product size are key parameters that describe the operation and performance of solid waste size-reduction equipment.  
5.2 This test method can be used to determine if the size-reduction equipment is operating within specifications and meeting performance criteria.  
5.3 Having determined the parameters given in 5.1, the equipment that has been subjected to the test may be compared to other equipment similarly tested in order to establish relative levels of performance among equipment.  
5.4 The basic test period is a continuous 2 to 4-h duration. The use of several test periods may be warranted to adequately assess the performance of size-reduction equipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring the performance of solid waste size-reduction equipment.  
1.2 This test method can be used to measure the flow (that is, throughput) of solid waste through the size-reduction equipment, energy usage of the size-reduction device, and particle size of the shredded product.  
1.3 This test method includes instructions for measuring energy usage, solid waste throughput, net processing time, and particle size distribution.  
1.4 This test method applies only to size-reduction equipment that produces a shredded product with a size corresponding to 90 % cumulative passing in the range of 0.5 to 15 cm (0.2 to 6 in.) on an air-dry weight basis. For material with nominal sizes outside of this range, the precision and bias statements for particle size designation (Section 14) may not apply.  
1.5 This test method can be applied to size-reduction equipment located anywhere within a processing line.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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