ASTM D6009-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Sampling Waste Piles
Standard Guide for Sampling Waste Piles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance for sampling waste piles. It can be used to obtain samples for waste characterization related to use, treatment, or disposal; to monitor an active pile; to prepare for closure of the waste pile; or to investigate the contents of an abandoned pile.
4.2 Techniques used to sample include both in-place evaluations of the pile and physically removing a sample. In-place evaluations include techniques such as remote sensing, on-site gas analysis, and permeability.
4.3 Sampling strategy for waste piles is dependent on the following:
4.3.1 Project objectives, including acceptable levels of error when making decisions;
4.3.2 Physical characteristics of the pile, such as its size and configuration, access to all parts of it, and the stability of the pile;
4.3.3 Process that generated the waste and the waste characteristics, such as hazardous chemical or physical properties, whether the waste consists of sludges, dry powders, granules or larger grained materials, and the heterogeneity of the wastes;
4.3.4 History of the pile, including dates of generation, methods of handling and transport, and current management methods;
4.3.5 Regulatory considerations, such as regulatory classification and characterization data; and
4.3.6 Limits and bias of sampling methods, including bias that may be introduced by waste heterogeneity, sampling design, and sampling equipment.
4.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D4687, which addresses sampling design, quality assurance, general sampling considerations, preservation and containerization, cleaning equipment, packaging, and chain of custody.
4.5 A case history of the investigation of a waste pile is included in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representative samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data interpretation.
1.2 Waste piles include areas used primarily for waste storage or disposal, including above-grade dry land disposal units. This guide can be applied to sampling municipal waste piles.
1.3 This guide addresses how the choice of sampling design and sampling methods depends on specific features of the pile.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in parentheses are included for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6009 − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Sampling Waste Piles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1586/D1586M Test Method for Standard Penetration Test
(SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representa-
D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of
tive samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site
Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile
interpretation.
Organic Compounds
1.2 Waste piles include areas used primarily for waste
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
storage or disposal, including above-grade dry land disposal
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
units. This guide can be applied to sampling municipal waste
D4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsoli-
piles.
dated Sediments
1.3 This guide addresses how the choice of sampling design D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
Used at Waste Sites
and sampling methods depends on specific features of the pile.
D5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental
standard.
Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone
1.4.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in parentheses are
3
and Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
included for information only and are not considered standard.
D7758 Practice for Passive Soil Gas Sampling in theVadose
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Zone for Source Identification, Spatial Variability
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Assessment, Monitoring, and Vapor Intrusion Evaluations
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
refer to Terminology D5681.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.1 hot spots—strata that contain high concentrations of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the characteristic of interest and are relatively small in size
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
when compared with the total size of the materials being
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
sampled.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 waste pile—unconfinedstorageofsolidmaterialsinan
2 areaofdistinctboundaries,abovegradeandusuallyuncovered.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1452/D1452M Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling
4. Significance and Use
by Auger Borings
4.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance for sampling
waste piles. It can be used to obtain samples for waste
characterization related to use, treatment, or disposal; to
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
monitor an active pile; to prepare for closure of the waste pile;
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on
or to investigate the contents of an abandoned pile.
Planning for Sampling.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally
4.2 Techniques used to sample include both in-place evalu-
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6009 – 12. DOI:
ations of the pile and physically removing a sample. In-place
10.1520/D6009-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6009 − 19
evaluations include techniques such as remote sensing, on-site 5.2 Generat
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6009 − 12 D6009 − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Sampling Waste Piles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representative samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site
evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data interpretation.
1.2 Waste piles include areas used primarily for waste storage or disposal, including above-grade dry land disposal units. This
guide can be applied to sampling municipal waste piles.
1.3 This guide addresses how the choice of sampling design and sampling methods depends on specific features of the pile.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in parentheses are included for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1452D1452/D1452M Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D1586D1586/D1586M Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
D4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
3
D5314 Guide for Soil Gas Monitoring in the Vadose Zone (Withdrawn 2015)
D5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
D5518 Guide for Acquisition of File Aerial Photography and Imagery for Establishing Historic Site-Use and Surficial Conditions
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and
3
Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
D7758 Practice for Passive Soil Gas Sampling in the Vadose Zone for Source Identification, Spatial Variability Assessment,
Monitoring, and Vapor Intrusion Evaluations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D5681.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: (See also Terminology D5681.)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for
Sampling.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012Sept. 1, 2019. Published February 2012October 2019. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
D6009 - 96D6009 – 12.(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D6009-12.10.1520/D6009-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6009 − 19
3.2.1 hot spots—strata that contain high concentrations of the characteristic of interest and are relatively small in size when
compared with the total size of the materials being sampled.
3.1.2 representative sample—a sample collected such that it reflects one or more characteristics of interest (as defined by the
project objectives) of the population from which it was
...
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