ASTM E889-82(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream
Standard Test Method for Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is used to document the ability of solid waste resource recovery separators to concentrate or classify a particular component (or components) present in solid waste.
5.2 The purity determined in this way is used to calculate the recovery achieved by a separator as another measure of its performance, according to Test Method E1108.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the composition of a materials stream in a solid waste resource recovery processing facility. The composition is determined with respect to one or more defined components. The results are used for determining the purity resulting from the operation of one or more separators, and in conjunction with Test Method E1108 used to measure the efficiency of a materials separation device.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statements, see Section 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E889 − 82 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Paperboard by Oven Drying (Withdrawn 2010)
E1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
Resource-Recovery Unit Operations
position of a materials stream in a solid waste resource
E1108 Test Method for Determination of the Recovery of a
recovery processing facility. The composition is determined
Product in a Materials Separation Device
with respect to one or more defined components. The results
are used for determining the purity resulting from the operation
3. Terminology Definitions
ofoneormoreseparators,andinconjunctionwithTestMethod
E1108 used to measure the efficiency of a materials separation
3.1 binary separator—a device that separates a single input
device. feed stream into two output or product streams.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 gross sample—a sample representing one lot and com-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information posed of a number of increments on which neither reduction
only.
nor division has been performed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 laboratory sample or analysis sample—a portion of one
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gross sample representative of a lot and taken at random from
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the gross sample.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.4 polynary separator—a device that separates a single
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
input feed stream into three or more output product streams.
For hazard statements, see Section 7.
3.5 purity—the purity of a stream is defined in terms of one
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
or more identifiable components, x, y, z, etc. The purity for any
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
component such asx is the mass ofx in a stream divided by the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
total mass of that stream. In some cases, the mass of x must be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
defined in practical terms that relate to the origin of the feed.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
For example, the purity of a ferrous product magnetically
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
recovered from refuse can be expressed as the purity of ferrous
by proximate analysis.Alternatively, it can be expressed as the
2. Referenced Documents
purity by manual sorting, with all nonferrous materials that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cannot readily be removed by hand as the contaminants. In any
C566 Test Method forTotal Evaporable Moisture Content of
case, purity must be defined for each application.
Aggregate by Drying
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
4. Summary of Test Method
to Testing Size
4.1 A gross sample of a preselected process stream is taken
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
and subdivided into four laboratory samples. Two of the
D644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
laboratory samples are analyzed for composition of the com-
ponent(s) or item(s) of interest by hand-picking and weighing.
The third sample is used if the results of the first two do not
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
agree within specified limits. The composition is computed as
Recovery and Reuse.
the weight ratio of the component(s) of interest to the weight of
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally
the sample.
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E889 – 82 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/E0889-82R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E889 − 82 (2023)
4.2 The composition is expressed as the purity of the stream 9. Test Specimen and Samples
with respect to the component(s) indicated.
9.1 The size of sample is determined by the particle size of
the material in accordance with Practice D75/D75M. The size
5. Significance and Use
of sample specified constitutes the gross sample.
9.1.1 For particle sizes greater than 90 mm (3 ⁄2 in.), not
5.1 This method is used to document the ability of solid
included in Table 1, Size of Samples, of Practice D75/D75M,
waste resource recovery separators to concentrate or classify a
the size of sample shall be 250 kg (550 lb).
particular component (or components) present in solid waste.
9.1.2 Gross samples shall be weighed, without subdivision.
5.2 The purity determined in this way is used to calculate
9.1.3 A gross sample may be sized in accordance with the
the recovery achieved by a separator as another measure of its
section on Test Specimen and Samples of Test Method E1107
performance, according to Test Method E1108.
in circumstances where Practice D75/D75M cannot be prac-
ticed.
6. Apparatus
9.2 Gross samples shall be subdivided in accordance with
6.1 Scales—Several size scales must be available to weigh
Practice C702/C702M to form four laboratory samples. Each is
gross samples and laboratory samples that will range in size
weighed and labeled. This is recorded as “as-received weight.”
from less than 1 kg (2.2 lb) to more than 100 kg (220 lb). All
9.3 Samples from wet processing steps, for example, wet
scales should have a precision and accuracy of 60.1 %.
screening, spiral classification, jigging, etc., are to be weighed
6.2 Sorting Apparatus—This may be any convenient work
afterdrainingthewater,inaccordancewith11.3.Theweightof
surface, such as a table and bins as described by Kaiser et al.
such samples is recorded as the “drained weight.”
6.3 Polyethylene Bags, used to store laboratory and some-
10. Conditioning
times gross samples as the means of preserving their moisture
content. These bags should be 0.10 to 0.15 mm (0.004 to
10.1 Weigh the samples immediately after being taken with
0.006 in.) thick and supplied with metal ties.
due precaution so that they neither gain nor lose weight from
natural drying or from being left uncovered in wet or dusty
6.4 Laboratory Drying Oven, and general associated equip-
areas. This is known as “as-received weight.”
ment are required.
10.2 Condition wet samples by draining in accordance with
11.8. This is known as “drained weight.”
7. Hazards
10.3 The weight of dry samples, either of gross or labora-
7.1 This procedure calls for the hand-picking of solid waste
tory samples, must exclude the contained moisture. Dry
and its processed fractions. Because the origin of all of the
samples in accordance with 11.10. This is known as “dry
materials is generally unknown, workers must use proper
weight.”
safety precautions when handling samples. Workers shall wear
gloves and safety glasses. When appropriate, dust masks shall
11. Procedure
be worn. Workers must be cautioned to wash their hands
thoroughly before eating or smoking.
11.1 Take a gross sample in accordance with the section on
Procedures in Test Method E1107.
7.2 Particular caution shall be exercised when collecting
11.1.1 Contain the gross sample in a moisture barrier
samples near moving equipment.
containerinaccordancewith11.8.1ifthemoisturecontentisto
be pr
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