ASTM D4025-97
(Practice)Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Deposits Formed from Water for Subsurface Injection
Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Deposits Formed from Water for Subsurface Injection
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the various results of examination and analysis to determine the composition of deposits formed from water for subsurface injection are to be reported.
1.2 All analyses shall be made in accordance with the test methods of ASTM, unless otherwise specified. Note 1-While reporting of inorganic constituents in water-formed deposits as specified in Practice D933 is sufficient for certain industries, this practice provides for the reporting of organic and biological materials as well as inorganic constituents. Note 2-Consistent with practices in industries where subsurface injection of water is practiced, reporting includes specifying of inorganic constituents as probable molecular combinations of the species for which analyses are performed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4025 – 97
Standard Practice for
Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Deposits
Formed from Water for Subsurface Injection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4025; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the various
results of examination and analysis to determine the composi-
3. Terminology
tion of deposits formed from water for subsurface injection are
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
to be reported.
tice, reference should be made to Terminology D 1129 and
1.2 All analyses shall be made in accordance with the test
Practice D 887.
methods of ASTM, unless otherwise specified.
4. History of Sample
NOTE 1—While reporting of inorganic constituents in water-formed
deposits as specified in Practice D 933 is sufficient for certain industries,
4.1 Information regarding the source and history of the
this practice provides for the reporting of organic and biological materials
sample shall be included in the report of the analysis. This
as well as inorganic constituents.
information should be that supplied by the individual submit-
NOTE 2—Consistent with practices in industries where subsurface
ting the sample as follows:
injection of water is practiced, reporting includes specifying of inorganic
constituents as probable molecular combinations of the species for which 4.1.1 Name of company supplying the sample,
analyses are performed.
4.1.2 Name of location of plant, facility, and well,
4.1.3 Date and time of sampling,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.4 Number of sample,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.5 Name and other designation of equipment from which
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sample was removed,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1.6 Precise location from which sample was removed,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.7 Operating temperature and pressure of water or brine
2. Referenced Documents
at location of deposit,
4.1.8 Type of treatment applied to the water that formed the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
deposit,
D 887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
4.1.9 An account of system operating conditions that may
D 932 Test Method for Iron Bacteria in Water and Water-
have contributed to deposition (for example, filter channeling,
Formed Deposits
chemical pump outage, or increased system temperature),
D 933 Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and
4.1.10 Appearance and extent of deposit prior to removal,
Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
4.1.11 Exact method that was used in removing the sample
D 993 Test Methods for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Water
and notes concerning any contamination that might have
and Water-Formed Deposits
occurred during the process,
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
4.1.12 Specific methods used for preservation of sample
prior to and subsequent to removal,
1 4.1.13 Results of field tests made on the sample or related
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in equipment,
Water.
4.1.14 An analysis of the water from which the deposit was
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published December 1998. Originally
formed, and
published as D 4025 – 81. Last previous edition D 4025 – 93.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
Discontinued—See 1987 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4025 – 97
TABLE 2 Acid-Soluble Portion Ions to Be Reported
4.1.15 Identity of sampler.
Inorganic materials:
5. Significance and Use
calcium carbonate
magnesium sulfide
5.1 This practice sets down the manner in which data
barium sulfate
obtained from other test methods should be reported. This is
iron phosphate
A
sodium hydroxide
done in an effort to standardize the report form used.
A
oxide
Organic materials
6. Physical Characteristics
A
These ions are determined by difference. The specific ion reported is
6.1 The macroscopic characteristics of the sample, as ascer-
determined by direct evidence or in absence of such evidence as hydroxide.
tained by the analyst, including any peculiarities that may be
pertinent to the results of the examination, shall be included in
TABLE 3 Ash—Common Constituents to Be Reported
the report.
calcium zinc
magnesium sodium
NOTE 3—Characteristics such as the following may be recorded: color,
barium potassium
form (scaly, slimy, etc.), texture (oily, smooth, friable, gritty, etc.),
strontium phosphate
magnetic properties (as determined by test with magnet), and apparent
iron sulfate
structure (amorphous, crystalline, columnar crystals). aluminum chloride
silicon
NOTE 4—Any discrepancies between the physical characteristics ob-
manganese
served by the analyst and those reported by the sampler should be noted.
6.2 Characteristics observed during microscopic examina-
tion shall be reported and include a description of the gross
TABLE 4 Common Inorganic Components Found in
characteristics and homogeneity or heterogeneity of the
Water-Formed Deposits and Their K Values
sp
sample.
Inorganic K Temperature, Reference
sp
6.3 Any distinct observable crystal morphology such as Material °C
−33 A
monoclinic, rhombic, etc., shall be reported.
Al(OH) 1.3 3 10 18—25
−9 B
BaCO 2.6 3 10 25
−23 A
NOTE 5—Specific note of the presence of any biological material in the
Ba (PO ) 3.4 3 10 18–25
3 4 2
−10 B
sample should be made. BaSO 1.1 3 10 25
−9 B
CaCO 4.9 3 10 25
−6 B
Ca(OH) 4.7 3 10 25
7. Determinations to Be Reported 2
−33 B
Ca (PO ) 2.1 3 10 25
3 4 2
−5 B
7.1 The major headings for which determinations shall be
CaSO 7.1 3 10 25
−11 B
FeCO 3.1 3 10 25
reported in a complete analysis are as indicated in Table 1. 3
−36 B
Fe O 1.1 3 10 18
2 3
Specific determinations which shall be reported under some of −39 B
Fe(OH) 2.6 3 10 25
−29 B
the major headings are listed in Tables 2-4. In certain instances,
FePO ·2H O 9.9 3 10 25
4 2
−10 B
SrCO 5.6 3 10 25
knowledge of the operating practices and water chemistry will
−28 A
Sr (PO ) 4.0 3 10 18–25
3 4 2
have suggested the need to perform additional analyses or
−7 B
SrSO 3.4 3 10 25
−10 B
indicated the need for a less complete analysis; consequently, ZnCO 1.2 3 10 25
−17 B
Zn(OH) 6.8 3 10 25
results from determinations may not be reported for each
−25 B
ZnS 2.2 3 10 25
individual item.
Na CO
2 3
NaCl
8. Reporting of Biological Components
Na SO
2 4
S
8.1 The results of examinations conducted to determine the
SiO
presence of microorganisms in the sample, such as those Other siliceous
material
delineated by Test Method D 932 and Practice D 993, shall be
A
Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, Dean, J. A., Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 13th
reported. The organisms present should be identified by phyla
Edition, pp. 5–7 to 5–12.
with the relative abundance noted.
B
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Weast, R. C., Ed., Chemical Rubber Co.,
1991, pp. 8–39.
NOTE 6—In the absence of quantitative measurements, the microbio-
logical constitutents may be grouped as major, minor, and trace. In
NOTE 7—The results of the examination should be qualified on the
categorizing the constituents, the qualitative nature of the examination and
basis of any known or suspected effects related to sample handling prior
the subjective appraisal of its proportion must be considered.
to or during analysis likely to influence the validity.
TABLE 1 Major Headings for Determinations to Be Reported
9. Reporting of Chemical Analyses
Microbiological examination
9.1 The major headings under which chemical analysis
Moisture and volatile material
Solvent-extractable components: determination shall be reported are moisture and volatile
Fluorocarbon-extractables
material, solvent-extractable components, loss at 900°C, ash,
Water-solubles
and inorganic components.
Acid-solubles
Solvent-insolubles 9.2 All data shall be reported as weight percent both on an
Loss at 900°C
as-received basis and on a dry weight basis, with the exception
Ash
of water and volatile material, which shall be reported on an
Inorganic components
as-received basis only.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4025 – 97
9.3 The loss at 105°C shall be reported as the moisture and convenience of calculation, the ionic species may also be
volatile material content of the sample. reported as equivalents.
9.4 Reporting of solvent-extractable materials shall be di- 9.7.1 The probable mineral composition shall be determined
vided into organic solvent extractables, water-solubles, acid- by association of ions on an equivalent basis so as to form the
extractables, and solvent insolubles. compound having the lowest K (based on stability constant of
sp
9.4.1 The organic solvent-extractable constituents shall be metal complexes) value. After complete association of one of
reported in terms of the generic nature of the extracted the ions in the first compound is achieved, the association is
material. When the extractable portion of the dep
...
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