ASTM E2114-00a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology consists of terms and definitions pertaining to sustainable development; and, in particular to sustainability relative to the performance of buildings.
1.2 The purpose of this terminology is to provide meanings and explanations of terms applicable to sustainable development. In the interest of common understanding and standardization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help eliminate the major barrier to effective technical communication.
1.3 It is recommended that terms used only within an individual standard, and having a meaning unique to that standard, be defined or explained in the terminology section of that individual standard.
1.4 Certain standard definitions herein are adopted from other sources. Each is an exact copy. The source is identified at the right margin following the definition, and is listed in Section .
1.5 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compound terms appear in the natural spoken order.
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Designation: E 2114 – 00a
Standard Terminology for
Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2114; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tural materials and animal by-products.
alternative energy, n—see renewable energy.
1.1 This terminology consists of terms and definitions
bioaccumulation, n—the net accumulation of a substance by
pertaining to sustainable development; and, in particular to
an organism as a result of uptake from all environmental
sustainability relative to the performance of buildings.
sources. (E 943)
1.2 The purpose of this terminology is to provide meanings
biobased products, n—products fabricated from alternative
and explanations of terms applicable to sustainable develop-
agricultural materials and forestry materials, or both.
ment. In the interest of common understanding and standard-
biodegradable, adj—capable of decomposing under natural
ization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help eliminate
conditions into elements found in nature.
the major barrier to effective technical communication.
biodiversity, n—the variability among living organisms from
1.3 It is recommended that terms used only within an
all sources including: terrestrial, marine and other aquatic
individual standard, and having a meaning unique to that
ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are
standard, be defined or explained in the terminology section of
a part; this includes diversity within species, between species
that individual standard.
and of ecosystems.
1.4 Certain standard definitions herein are adopted from
biological control agents, n—living organisms used to elimi-
other sources. Each is an exact copy. The source is identified at
nate or regulate the population of other living organisms.
the right margin following the definition, and is listed in
biological diversity, n—see biodiversity.
Section 2.
biomagnification, n—the increase in tissue concentration of
1.5 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compound
poorly depurated materials in organisms along a series of
terms appear in the natural spoken order.
predator-prey associations, primarily through the mechanism
2. Referenced Documents of dietary accumulation.
building, n—(1) a shelter comprising a partially or totally
2.1 ASTM Standards:
enclosed space(s), erected by means of planned forces of
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Atmospheric Sampling
forming and combining materials. (2) the act or process of
and Analysis
construction. (E 631)
E 631 Terminology of Building Construction
building performance, n—the behavior in service of con-
E 833 Terminology of Building Economics
struction as a whole, or of the building components.
E 943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and En-
(E 631)
vironmental Fate
building related illness (BRI), n— diagnosable illness of
2.2 ISO Standard:
which cause and symptoms can be directly attributed to a
14040 Life Cycle Assessment—Principles and Framework
specific pollutant source within a building (for example,
3. Terminology
Legionnaire’s disease, hypersensitivity, pneumonitis). BRI
differs from sick building syndrome (SBS) conditions be-
3.1 Definitions:
cause the symptoms of the disease persist alter leaving the
alternative agricultural products, n—bio-based industrial
building, unlike SBS where the occupant experiences relief
products (non-food, non-feed) manufactured from agricul-
shortly after leaving the building.
carrying capacity, n—( 1) in reference to a specific species,
the maximum population of that species that an ecosystem
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.71
can sustain indefinitely. (2) The planetary capacity for
on Sustainability.
human population growth and impact.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2000. Published March 2001. Originally
published as E 2114–00. Last previous edition E 2114–00.
DISCUSSION—While the existence of a carrying capacity for a given
Boldfaced terms are defined in this terminology.
species in a given ecosystem is commonly recognized, the specific
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
number or range established as the carrying capacity is often debated.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05.
cogeneration, n—the simultaneous production of electrical or
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
mechanical energy (power) and useful thermal energy from
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2114
a single energy stream, such as oil, coal, natural or liqufied exotic species, n—an introduced species not native or indig-
gas, biomass, or solar. enous to the area where it is found.
compost, n—the stable humus material that is produced from exposure, n—contact with a physical, chemical, biological, or
a composting process. radiological agent.
composting, v—the controlled biological decomposition of flush out, v—the process of reducing or removing VOCs and
organic material in the presence of air to form a humus. other airborne contaminants from a building.
contaminant, n—a physical, chemical, biological, or radio- green building, n—a building that provides the specified
logical substance or matter that has an adverse effect on air, building performance requirements while minimizing distur-
water, or soil. bance to and improving the functioning of local, regional,
criterion, n—an established precedent, rule, measure, norm, or and global ecosystems both during and after its construction
code upon which a decision may be based. (E 631) and specified service life.
ecological impact, n—the effect that an activity has on living
DISCUSSION—A green building optimizes efficiencies in resource
organisms, their non-living (abiotic) environment, and the
management and operational performance; and, minimizes risks to
ecosystem.
human health and the environment.
ecological indicator, n—a characteristic of an ecosystem that
habitat, n—the place where a population of organisms lives
is related to, or derived from, a measure of biotic or abiotic
and their surroundings, both living and non-living.
variable, that can provide quantitative information on eco-
habitat indicator, n—a physical attribute of the environment
logical structure and function. An indicator can contribute to
measured to characterize conditions necessary to support an
a measure of integrity and sustainability.
organism, population, or community.
ecosystem, n—a community of plants, animals (including
hazard, n—the adverse effect(s) that may result from expo-
humans), and their physical environment, functioning to-
sure(s). (E 943)
gether as an interdependent unit witin a defined area.
heat island effect, n—see urban heat island.
electromagnetic spectrum, n—a continuum of electric and
indicator, n—(1) in biology, any biological entity or process,
magnetic radiation, encompassing all wavelengths from
or community whose characteristics show the presence of
electricity, radio and microwaves, at the low-frequency end
specific environmental conditions. (2) In chemistry, a sub-
to infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet light in the
stance that shows a visible or measurable change, at a
midrange, to X rays and gamma rays at the high frequency
desired point in a chemical reaction. (3) A device that
end of the spectrum. (As defined by the Institute of Electrical
indicates the result of a measurement; for example, a
and Electronic Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), the spectrum of
pressure gage or a moveable scale.
electromagnetic radiation consists of gamma rays, wave-
indigenous species, n—a species that is likely, due to historical
lengths shorter than 0.0006 nm; X rays, 0.0006–5 nm;
presence, to occur at a specified site for some portion of its
ultraviolet rays, 5 nm-0.4 μm; visible light, 04–0.7 μm;
life span. (E 943)
infrared, 0.7 μm–0.1 mm; radio, greater than 0.1 mm.).
embodied energy, n—the energy used through the life cycle of
DISCUSSION—An indigenous species is one having originated in and
a material or product to extract, refine, process, fabricate, being produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular
region or environment as opposed to cultivated, domesticated, or
transport, install, commission, utilize, maintain, remove, and
exotic.
ultimately recycle or dispose of the substances comprising
the item.
indoor air pollution, n—the level of air pollution in an
enclosed environment.
DISCUSSION—The total energy which a product may be said to
“contain,” including all energy used in, inter alia, growing, extracting,
DISCUSSION—Based on the definition of air pollution in Terminology
transporting, and manufacturing. The embodied energy of a structure or
D 1356, indoor air pollution relates to the levels of unwanted material
system includes the embodied energy of its components plus the energy
in the air.
used in construction.
indoor air quality (IAQ), n—the composition and character-
EMF, n—electric and magnetic fields, see electromagnetic
istics of the air in an enclosed space that affect the occupants
spectrum.
of that space.
endangered species, n—a species which is in
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