B02.10 - Thermostat Metals and Electrical Resistance Heating Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This procedure provides a method for defining the magnitude and direction of cross curvature, an inherent property in thermostat metal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of cross curvature of thermostat metals.
Note 1: This test method is not limited to thermostat metals, and may be used for other materials for which the cross curvature must be measured accurately.
Note 2: This standard includes means for calculating cross curvature for widths other than that of the specimen having the same radius of curvature.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round wires and ribbons with controlled electrical properties made from magnetic and nonmagnetic class 1a-11 alloys. The wires and ribbons, which may have insulated coverings or enamel coatings, are recommended for use in wire-wound resistance units like precision resistors and other similar applications, but not for use as electrical heating elements. Each bare wire should conform to the requirements for nominal resistivity, elongation, thermal electromotive force with respect to copper, and the temperature coefficient of resistance contained in this specification. The nominal resistance per unit length for a round wire is calculated from the nominal resistivity and nominal cross-sectional area.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round wire and ribbon with controlled electrical properties for use in wire-wound resistance units and similar applications, but not for use as electrical heating elements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates, to a practical degree, the operation of the thermostat metal coil.  
5.2 The thermal deflection properties of a coil may vary from lot-to-lot of thermostat metal material. This method is useful for determining the optimum thickness and length of the material for a given deflection specification.  
5.3 This method is useful as a quality test to determine acceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal deflection rate of spiral and helical coils of thermostat metal.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annealed, drawn, or rolled shapes for electrical heating purposes, of alloys having the nominal compositions of 80 % nickel and 20 % chromium; 60 % nickel, 16 % chromium, and remainder iron; and 35 % nickel, 20 % chromium, and remainder iron; 38 % nickel, 21 % chromium, and remainder iron; and 35 % nickel, 20 % chromium remainder iron.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful to determine the mechanical force of spiral coils of thermostat metal.  
4.2 The mechanical properties of a coil may vary from lot to lot of thermostat metal material. This method is useful for determining the optimum thickness and length of the material for a given mechanical torque specification.  
4.3 This test is useful as a quality test to determine acceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers the principles of determining the mechanical torque rate of spiral coils of thermostat metal.  
Note 1: This test method has been developed particularly to cover the determination of the mechanical torque rate of spiral coils made of thermostat metal for carburetors and manifold heat controls. The method is not limited to thermostat metals and can be used for spiral coils of other materials for which the torque rate must be measured accurately.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used for determining response to temperature change or flexivity of thermostat metal. The flexivity is calculated from the temperatures, dimensions of specimen, and the relative movement of the specimen. The simple beam method (Method A) is the method for certification. Any use of the spiral coil method (Method B) is to be mutually agreed upon between the user and supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of flexivity (a measure of thermal deflection rate or deflection temperature characteristics) of thermostat metals.  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Tested in the form of flat strip 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) or over in thickness.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Tested in the form of spiral coils less than 0.012 in. in thickness.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is used by producers of electrical heating alloys to measure the cyclic oxidation resistance of these alloys.  
2.2 Because of the effect of environment, design, and use, the life values obtained from this test method may not correlate with that of an appliance or industrial heating unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to oxidation of iron-chromium-aluminum electrical heating alloys at elevated temperatures under intermittent heating using a constant-temperature cycle test. This test is used for internal comparative purposes only.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Procedure A covers the determination of the equation of the curve relating resistance and temperature where the curve approximates a parabola. This test method may be used for wire of any metal or alloy over the temperature interval appropriate to the material.  
2.2 Procedure B covers the determination of the mean temperature coefficient of resistance for wire of any metal or alloy over the temperature interval appropriate to the material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the change of resistance with temperature of alloy wires used for resistance standards and precision resistors for electrical apparatus.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 The change in resistance with temperature for heating element materials is a major design factor and may influence material selection. The measurement of this change is essential to ensure that heating elements perform as designed. This test method was designed to minimize the effect different manufacturing processes have on resistance change, thereby yielding results that are reproducible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the change of resistance with temperature of metallic materials for electrical heating, and is applicable over the range of service temperatures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification details the requirements for alloys to be used as components in the manufacture of bonded multi-component thermostat metal strip. It describes alloys having composition, and thermal expansion suitable for application in thermostat metal sheet and strip. The material shall be free of scale, slivers, cracks, seams, corrosion and other defects as best commercial practice will permit. Surfaces shall be uniform and sufficiently clean. Product surface condition can be agreed upon between supplier and purchaser since surface condition can vary for different alloys and because bonding practices vary. The material shall be made of carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, copper, aluminum, cobalt, and iron. This product shall be supplied in the condition agreed upon by purchaser and seller. Hardness shall be measured on representative samples from each heat treat lot.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes requirements for alloys to be used as components in the manufacture of bonded multi-component thermostat metal strip. More specifically it describes alloys having composition, and thermal expansion suitable for application in thermostat metal sheet and strip.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the modulus of elasticity of thermostat metals within a particular temperature range. The test is done by mounting the specimen as a cantilever and measuring its deflection when subjected to a mechanical load. Each test specimen should be finished to size by careful machining or filing after being roughly cut, slit, or sheared from the samples. Then the specimen is preformed into a shape approximating the segment of a circle and subsequently heat treated to relieve all internal stresses. To permit maximum sensitivity, any oxide and other foreign substances must be carefully removed from all surfaces of the test specimen which directly affect the electrical resistance of the electronic indicator circuit through the testing apparatus. Extra care should be taken so that the load does not overstress the specimen beyond its elastic limit, if this happens, a new specimen shall be substituted and a lighter load should be used. The modulus of elasticity of each test material is computed using the specimen size and the average deflection for a known load.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of elasticity of thermostat metals at any temperature between −300 and +1000°F (−185 and 540°C) by mounting the specimen as a cantilever beam and measuring the deflection when subjected to a mechanical load.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In the case of materials for resistors and heating elements, a knowledge of resistivity is important in determining whether wire or strip of a specified area of cross section and length will have a required resistance. It serves as one basis for the selection of materials for specific applications and its measurement is a necessary acceptance test for resistance materials.  
4.2 In the case of materials for electrical contacts, the measurement of resistivity can serve as a test for uniformity of materials of nominally the same composition and structure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, to a precision of 2 %, of the electrical resistivity of materials used in resistors, heating elements, and electrical contacts, as well as products of powder metallurgy processes which are used for other purposes.  
Note 1: For determining the resistivity of electrical conductors, see Test Method B193.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is used by producers of electrical heating alloys to measure the cyclic oxidation resistance of these alloys.  
2.2 Because of the effect of the environment, design, and use, the life values obtained from this test method may not correlate with that of an appliance or industrial heating unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method 2 covers the determination of the resistance to oxidation of nickel-chromium and nickel-chromium-iron electrical heating alloys at elevated temperatures under intermittent heating. Procedures for a constant-temperature cycle are provided. This test method is used for internal comparative purposes only.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this method is to determine the suitability of different metals for use in resistance apparatus in which a low thermoelectric power is desired. As most electric circuits are largely composed of copper, the thermoelectric power of a resistance metal will generally be measured against copper.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermoelectric power of a metal or alloy with respect to copper when the temperatures of the junctions lie between 0 and 100°C.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for thermostat metals in the form of sheet or strip proposed for use as temperature-sensitive elements of devices for controlling, compensating, or indicating temperature. Metals shall adhere to physical requirements such as maximum sensitivity range, maximum recommended temperature, flexibility, electrical resistivity, modulus of elasticity, specific heat, density, and hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermostat metals in the form of sheet or strip that are used for the temperature-sensitive elements of devices for controlling, compensating, or indicating temperature and is intended to supply acceptance requirements to purchasers ordering this material by type designation.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers annealed, drawn or rolled iron-chromium-aluminum alloy shapes used for electrical heating and resistance purposes. This specification contains the requirements for chemical composition, electrical resistance, mechanical properties and temperature-dependent changes in resistance of the alloys.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annealed, drawn, or rolled shapes for electrical heating and resistance purposes of alloys consisting mainly of iron, chromium, and aluminum as detailed in Table 1.    
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method covers the determination of the change of resistance with temperature for precision resistors and shunts made from sheet materials.  
3.2 Materials normally used in the temperature range from 0 to 80°C may be tested using this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the change of resistance with temperature of sheet materials used for shunts and precision resistors for electrical apparatus. It is applicable to materials normally used in the temperature range of from 0 to 80°C.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round wires and ribbons with controlled electrical properties made from magnetic and nonmagnetic class 1a-11 alloys. The wires and ribbons, which may have insulated coverings or enamel coatings, are recommended for use in wire-wound resistance units like precision resistors and other similar applications, but not for use as electrical heating elements. Each bare wire should conform to the requirements for nominal resistivity, elongation, thermal electromotive force with respect to copper, and the temperature coefficient of resistance contained in this specification. The nominal resistance per unit length for a round wire is calculated from the nominal resistivity and nominal cross-sectional area.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round wire and ribbon with controlled electrical properties for use in wire-wound resistance units and similar applications, but not for use as electrical heating elements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful to determine the mechanical force of spiral coils of thermostat metal.  
4.2 The mechanical properties of a coil may vary from lot to lot of thermostat metal material. This method is useful for determining the optimum thickness and length of the material for a given mechanical torque specification.  
4.3 This test is useful as a quality test to determine acceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers the principles of determining the mechanical torque rate of spiral coils of thermostat metal.  
Note 1: This test method has been developed particularly to cover the determination of the mechanical torque rate of spiral coils made of thermostat metal for carburetors and manifold heat controls. The method is not limited to thermostat metals and can be used for spiral coils of other materials for which the torque rate must be measured accurately.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This procedure provides the means for defining the magnitude and direction of cross curvature (an inherent property in thermostat metal).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of cross curvature of thermostat metals.
Note 1: This test method is not limited to thermostat metals and can be used for other materials for which the cross curvature must be measured accurately.
Note 2: This standard includes means for calculating cross curvature for widths other than that of the specimen having the same radius of curvature.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates, to a practical degree, the operation of the thermostat metal coil.  
5.2 The thermal deflection properties of a coil may vary from lot-to-lot of thermostat metal material. This method is useful for determining the optimum thickness and length of the material for a given deflection specification.  
5.3 This method is useful as a quality test to determine acceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal deflection rate of spiral and helical coils of thermostat metal.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annealed, drawn, or rolled shapes for electrical heating purposes, of alloys having the nominal compositions of 80 % nickel and 20 % chromium; 60 % nickel, 16 % chromium, and remainder iron; and 35 % nickel, 20 % chromium, and remainder iron; 38 % nickel, 21 % chromium, and remainder iron; and 35 % nickel, 20 % chromium remainder iron.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used for determining response to temperature change or flexivity of thermostat metal. The flexivity is calculated from the temperatures, dimensions of specimen, and the relative movement of the specimen. The simple beam method (Method A) is the method for certification. Any use of the spiral coil method (Method B) is to be mutually agreed upon between the user and supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of flexivity (a measure of thermal deflection rate or deflection temperature characteristics) of thermostat metals.  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Tested in the form of flat strip 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) or over in thickness.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Tested in the form of spiral coils less than 0.012 in. in thickness.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the modulus of elasticity of thermostat metals within a particular temperature range. The test is done by mounting the specimen as a cantilever and measuring its deflection when subjected to a mechanical load. Each test specimen should be finished to size by careful machining or filing after being roughly cut, slit, or sheared from the samples. Then the specimen is preformed into a shape approximating the segment of a circle and subsequently heat treated to relieve all internal stresses. To permit maximum sensitivity, any oxide and other foreign substances must be carefully removed from all surfaces of the test specimen which directly affect the electrical resistance of the electronic indicator circuit through the testing apparatus. Extra care should be taken so that the load does not overstress the specimen beyond its elastic limit, if this happens, a new specimen shall be substituted and a lighter load should be used. The modulus of elasticity of each test material is computed using the specimen size and the average deflection for a known load.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of elasticity of thermostat metals at any temperature between −300 and +1000°F (−185 and 540°C) by mounting the specimen as a cantilever beam and measuring the deflection when subjected to a mechanical load.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this method is to determine the suitability of different metals for use in resistance apparatus in which a low thermoelectric power is desired. As most electric circuits are largely composed of copper, the thermoelectric power of a resistance metal will generally be measured against copper.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermoelectric power of a metal or alloy with respect to copper when the temperatures of the junctions lie between 0 and 100°C.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round wires and ribbons with controlled electrical properties made from magnetic and nonmagnetic class 1a-11 alloys. The wires and ribbons, which may have insulated coverings or enamel coatings, are recommended for use in wire-wound resistance units like precision resistors and other similar applications, but not for use as electrical heating elements. Each bare wire should conform to the requirements for nominal resistivity, elongation, thermal electromotive force with respect to copper, and the temperature coefficient of resistance contained in this specification. The nominal resistance per unit length for a round wire is calculated from the nominal resistivity and nominal cross-sectional area.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round wire and ribbon with controlled electrical properties for use in wire-wound resistance units and similar applications, but not for use as electrical heating elements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification details the requirements for alloys to be used as components in the manufacture of bonded multi-component thermostat metal strip. It describes alloys having composition, and thermal expansion suitable for application in thermostat metal sheet and strip. The material shall be free of scale, slivers, cracks, seams, corrosion and other defects as best commercial practice will permit. Surfaces shall be uniform and sufficiently clean. Product surface condition can be agreed upon between supplier and purchaser since surface condition can vary for different alloys and because bonding practices vary. The material shall be made of carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, copper, aluminum, cobalt, and iron. This product shall be supplied in the condition agreed upon by purchaser and seller. Hardness shall be measured on representative samples from each heat treat lot.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes requirements for alloys to be used as components in the manufacture of bonded multi-component thermostat metal strip. More specifically it describes alloys having composition, and thermal expansion suitable for application in thermostat metal sheet and strip.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is used by producers of electrical heating alloys to measure the cyclic oxidation resistance of these alloys.  
2.2 Because of the effect of the environment, design, and use, the life values obtained from this test method may not correlate with that of an appliance or industrial heating unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method 2 covers the determination of the resistance to oxidation of nickel-chromium and nickel-chromium-iron electrical heating alloys at elevated temperatures under intermittent heating. Procedures for a constant-temperature cycle are provided. This test method is used for internal comparative purposes only.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is used by producers of electrical heating alloys to measure the cyclic oxidation resistance of these alloys.  
2.2 Because of the effect of environment, design and use, the life values obtained from this test method may not correlate with that of an appliance or industrial heating unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to oxidation of iron-chromium-aluminum electrical heating alloys at elevated temperatures under intermittent heating using a constant-temperature cycle test. This test is used for internal comparative purposes only.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 The change in resistance with temperature for heating element materials is a major design factor and may influence material selection. The measurement of this change is essential to ensure that heating elements perform as designed. This test method was designed to minimize the effect different manufacturing processes have on resistance change, thereby yielding results that are reproducible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the change of resistance with temperature of metallic materials for electrical heating, and is applicable over the range of service temperatures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers annealed, drawn or rolled iron-chromium-aluminum alloy shapes used for electrical heating and resistance purposes. This specification contains the requirements for chemical composition, electrical resistance, mechanical properties and temperature-dependent changes in resistance of the alloys.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annealed, drawn, or rolled shapes for electrical heating and resistance purposes of alloys consisting mainly of iron, chromium, and aluminum as detailed in Table 1. TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements    
Class  
Resistivity Range  
Composition Range, %  
Ω·cmil/ft  
μΩ·cm  
Al  
Cr  
I  
825 to 920  
135 to 150  
5.00 to 6.00  
20 to 24  
IIA  
795 to 880  
130 to 144  
4.75 to 5.75  
20 to 24  
IIB  
770 to 855  
130 to 144  
4.00 to 5.25  
20 to 24  
III  
715 to 785  
119 to 130  
3.75 to 4.75  
13 to 16  
IV  
665 to 735  
111 to 122  
2.75 to 3.75  
12 to 15
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method covers the determination of the change of resistance with temperature for precision resistors and shunts made from sheet materials.  
3.2 Materials normally used in the temperature range from 0 to 80°C may be tested using this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the change of resistance with temperature of sheet materials used for shunts and precision resistors for electrical apparatus. It is applicable to materials normally used in the temperature range of from 0 to 80°C.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In the case of materials for resistors and heating elements, a knowledge of resistivity is important in determining whether wire or strip of a specified area of cross section and length will have a required resistance. It serves as one basis for the selection of materials for specific applications and its measurement is a necessary acceptance test for resistance materials.  
4.2 In the case of materials for electrical contacts, the measurement of resistivity can serve as a test for uniformity of materials of nominally the same composition and structure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, to a precision of 2 %, of the electrical resistivity of materials used in resistors, heating elements, and electrical contacts, as well as products of powder metallurgy processes which are used for other purposes. Note 1—For determining the resistivity of electrical conductors, see Test Method B193.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Procedure A covers the determination of the equation of the curve relating resistance and temperature where the curve approximates a parabola. This test method may be used for wire of any metal or alloy over the temperature interval appropriate to the material.  
2.2 Procedure B covers the determination of the mean temperature coefficient of resistance for wire of any metal or alloy over the temperature interval appropriate to the material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the change of resistance with temperature of alloy wires used for resistance standards and precision resistors for electrical apparatus.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for thermostat metals in the form of sheet or strip proposed for use as temperature-sensitive elements of devices for controlling, compensating, or indicating temperature. Metals shall adhere to physical requirements such as maximum sensitivity range, maximum recommended temperature, flexibility, electrical resistivity, modulus of elasticity, specific heat, density, and hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermostat metals in the form of sheet or strip that are used for the temperature-sensitive elements of devices for controlling, compensating, or indicating temperature and is intended to supply acceptance requirements to purchasers ordering this material by type designation.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annealed, drawn, or rolled shapes for electrical heating purposes, of alloys having the nominal compositions of 80 % nickel and 20 % chromium; 60 % nickel, 16 % chromium, and remainder iron; and 35 % nickel, 20 % chromium, and remainder iron.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This procedure provides the means for defining the magnitude and direction of cross curvature (an inherent property in thermostat metal).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of cross curvature of thermostat metals.
Note 1—This test method is not limited to thermostat metals and can be used for other materials for which the cross curvature must be measured accurately.
Note 2—This standard includes means for calculating cross curvature for widths other than that of the specimen having the same radius of curvature.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method simulates, to a practical degree, the operation of the thermostat metal coil.
The thermal deflection properties of a coil may vary from lot-to-lot of thermostat metal material. This method is useful for determining the optimum thickness and length of the material for a given deflection specification.
This method is useful as a quality test to determine acceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal deflection rate of spiral and helical coils of thermostat metal.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful to determine the mechanical force of spiral coils of thermostat metal.
The mechanical properties of a coil may vary from lot to lot of thermostat metal material. This method is useful for determining the optimum thickness and length of the material for a given mechanical torque specification.
This test is useful as a quality test to determine acceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers the principles of determining the mechanical torque rate of spiral coils of thermostat metal.
Note 1—This test method has been developed particularly to cover the determination of the mechanical torque rate of spiral coils made of thermostat metal for carburetors and manifold heat controls. The method is not limited to thermostat metals and can be used for spiral coils of other materials for which the torque rate must be measured accurately.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the modulus of elasticity of thermostat metals within a particular temperature range. The test is done by mounting the specimen as a cantilever and measuring its deflection when subjected to a mechanical load. Each test specimen should be finished to size by careful machining or filing after being roughly cut, slit, or sheared from the samples. Then the specimen is preformed into a shape approximating the segment of a circle and subsequently heat treated to relieve all internal stresses. To permit maximum sensitivity, any oxide and other foreign substances must be carefully removed from all surfaces of the test specimen which directly affect the electrical resistance of the electronic indicator circuit through the testing apparatus. Extra care should be taken so that the load does not overstress the specimen beyond its elastic limit, if this happens, a new specimen shall be substituted and a lighter load should be used. The modulus of elasticity of each test material is computed using the specimen size and the average deflection for a known load.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of elasticity of thermostat metals at any temperature between −300 and +1000°F (−185 and 540°C) by mounting the specimen as a cantilever beam and measuring the deflection when subjected to a mechanical load.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used for determining response to temperature change or flexivity of thermostat metal. The flexivity is calculated from the temperatures, dimensions of specimen, and the relative movement of the specimen. The simple beam method (Method A) is the method for certification. Any use of the spiral coil method (Method B) is to be mutually agreed upon between the user and supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of flexivity (a measure of thermal deflection rate or deflection temperature characteristics) of thermostat metals.
1.1.1 Test Method A—Tested in the form of flat strip
0.015 in. (0.38 mm) or over in thickness.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Tested in the form of spiral coils less than 0.012 in. in thickness.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this method is to determine the suitability of different metals for use in resistance apparatus in which a low thermoelectric power is desired. As most electric circuits are largely composed of copper, the thermoelectric power of a resistance metal will generally be measured against copper.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermoelectric power of a metal or alloy with respect to copper when the temperatures of the junctions lie between 0 and 100C.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the preferred unit. The values in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method covers the determination of the change of resistance with temperature for precision resistors and shunts made from sheet materials.
Materials normally used in the temperature range from 0 to 80°C may be tested using this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the change of resistance with temperature of sheet materials used for shunts and precision resistors for electrical apparatus. It is applicable to materials normally used in the temperature range of from 0 to 80°C.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers annealed, drawn or rolled iron-chromium-aluminum alloy shapes used for electrical heating and resistance purposes. This specification contains the requirements for chemical composition, electrical resistance, mechanical properties and temperature-dependent changes in resistance of the alloys.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annealed, drawn, or rolled shapes for electrical heating and resistance purposes of alloys consisting mainly of iron, chromium, and aluminum as detailed in .
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In the case of materials for resistors and heating elements, a knowledge of resistivity is important in determining whether wire or strip of a specified area of cross section and length will have a required resistance. It serves as one basis for the selection of materials for specific applications and its measurement is a necessary acceptance test for resistance materials.
In the case of materials for electrical contacts, the measurement of resistivity can serve as a test for uniformity of materials of nominally the same composition and structure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, to a precision of 2 %, of the electrical resistivity of materials used in resistors, heating elements, and electrical contacts, as well as products of powder metallurgy processes which are used for other purposes.
Note 1 - For determining the resistivity of electrical conductors, see Test Method B 193.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification details the requirements for alloys to be used as components in the manufacture of bonded multi-component thermostat metal strip. It describes alloys having composition, and thermal expansion suitable for application in thermostat metal sheet and strip. The material shall be free of scale, slivers, cracks, seams, corrosion and other defects as best commercial practice will permit. Surfaces shall be uniform and sufficiently clean. Product surface condition can be agreed upon between supplier and purchaser since surface condition can vary for different alloys and because bonding practices vary. The material shall be made of carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, copper, aluminum, cobalt, and iron. This product shall be supplied in the condition agreed upon by purchaser and seller. Hardness shall be measured on representative samples from each heat treat lot.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes requirements for alloys to be used as components in the manufacture of bonded multi-component thermostat metal strip. More specifically it describes alloys having composition, and thermal expansion suitable for application in thermostat metal sheet and strip.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used by producers of electrical heating alloys to measure the cyclic oxidation resistance of these alloys.
Because of the effect of environment, design and use, the life values obtained from this test method may not correlate with that of an appliance or industrial heating unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to oxidation of iron-chromium-aluminum electrical heating alloys at elevated temperatures under intermittent heating using a constant-temperature cycle test. This test is used for internal comparative purposes only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Procedure A covers the determination of the equation of the curve relating resistance and temperature where the curve approximates a parabola. This test method may be used for wire of any metal or alloy over the temperature interval appropriate to the material.
Procedure B covers the determination of the mean temperature coefficient of resistance for wire of any metal or alloy over the temperature interval appropriate to the material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the change of resistance with temperature of alloy wires used for resistance standards and precision resistors for electrical apparatus.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round wires and ribbons with controlled electrical properties made from magnetic and nonmagnetic class 1a-11 alloys. The wires and ribbons, which may have insulated coverings or enamel coatings, are recommended for use in wire-wound resistance units like precision resistors and other similar applications, but not for use as electrical heating elements. Each bare wire should conform to the requirements for nominal resistivity, elongation, thermal electromotive force with respect to copper, and the temperature coefficient of resistance contained in this specification. The nominal resistance per unit length for a round wire is calculated from the nominal resistivity and nominal cross-sectional area.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round wire and ribbon with controlled electrical properties for use in wire-wound resistance units and similar applications, but not for use as electrical heating elements.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used by producers of electrical heating alloys to measure the cyclic oxidation resistance of these alloys.
Because of the effect of the environment, design, and use, the life values obtained from this test method may not correlate with that of an appliance or industrial heating unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to oxidation of nickel-chromium and nickel-chromium-iron electrical heating alloys at elevated temperatures under intermittent heating. Procedures for a constant-temperature cycle are provided. This test method is used for internal comparative purposes only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.