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ASTM D5968-19ae1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121 °C

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121 °C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to simulate the corrosion process of non-ferrous metals in diesel lubricants. The corrosion process under investigation is that believed to be induced primarily by inappropriate lubricant chemistry rather than lubricant degradation or contamination. This test method has been found to correlate with an extensive fleet database containing corrosion-induced cam and bearing failures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to test diesel engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifically alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam followers and bearings. Correlation with field experience has been established.4  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 5.3.1, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.5.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2019
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.02 - Heavy Duty Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D5185-18 - Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2018

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ASTM D5968-19ae1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121 °CASTM D5968-19ae1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121 °C
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ASTM D5968-19ae1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121 °C
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D5968 − 19a
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121 °C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5968; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially updated TMC governance information in June 2022.
INTRODUCTION
The method described in this test method is based on the gas turbine lubricant corrosion and
oxidation test described in FederalTest Method Standard 791, Method 5308. Because this test method
relates to corrosion in diesel engines rather than in gas turbines, temperatures, metal coupons, and
certain parts of the test procedure were modified to be more appropriate for heavy duty diesel engines.
The method described in this test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without
2
outside assistance. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and
an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A1). By these
means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar
to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize
the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army
imposes such a requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by theTMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method (see Annex A1). For other
3
information, refer to the research report on the Cummins Bench Corrosion Test.
1. Scope* 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This test method is used to test diesel engine lubricants
standard.
to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifi-
cally alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
followers and bearings. Correlation with field experience has
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4
been established.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Specific hazard statements are given in 5.3.1, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8,
Subcommittee D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
6.9, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.5.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D5968 – 19. DOI:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
10.1520/D5968-19AE01.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
(http://www.astmtmc.org)
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1322. The research report and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
this test method are supplemented by Information Letters and Memoranda issued by
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
theASTM Test Monitoring Center. This edition incorporates revisions contained in
all information letters through No. 19-1. Users of this test method shall contact the
ASTM Test Monitoring Center to obtain the most recent of these.
4
Wang, J. C., and Cusano, C. M., “Development ofABench Test to Detect Oils
Corrosive to Engine Components,” SAE Technical Paper No. 940790, 1994.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D5968 − 19a
2. Referenced Documents
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D130 Test Method f
...

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4.1 This guide is intended to aid the equipment manufacturer, installer, service company, and turbine operator in coordinating their efforts to obtain and maintain clean lubrication and control systems.  
4.2 The flushing and cleaning philosophies stated in this guide are applicable to both large and small lubrication systems.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate oxidation stability of lubricating base oils with additives in the presence of chemistries similar to those found in gasoline engine service. Test results on some ASTM reference oils have been found to correlate with sequence IIID engine test results in hours for a 375 % viscosity increase.5 The test does not constitute a substitute for engine testing, which measures wear, oxidation stability, volatility, and deposit control characteristics of lubricants. Properly interpreted, the test may provide input on the oxidation stability of lubricants under simulated engine chemistry.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at 160 °C, utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water in a partial simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method can be used for engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4 mm2/s (cSt) to 21 mm2/s (cSt) at 100 °C, including re-refined oils.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
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1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil's deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.3  
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Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Component  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jet  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Fuel Injectors  
10.4  
Air Flow  
10.5  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.6  
Fuel Filter  
10.7  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.8  
Test Stand Calibration  
10.9  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.9.1  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.9.2  
Test Run Numbering  
10.10  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.11  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.12  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
11.6  
Engine Coolant  
11.6.1  
Engine Fuel System  
11.6.2  
Engine Oil Temperature  
11.6.3  
Exhaust Pressure  
11.6.4  
Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
11.7  
Piston Ring Side Clearances  
11.7.1  
Piston Ratings  
11.7.2  
Ring Gap End Increase  
11.7.3  
Cylinder Liner Wear  
11.7.4  
Cylinder Liner Bore Polish  
11.7.5  
Photographs  
11.7.6  
Calculation and Interpretation of Results  
12  
Test Validity  
12.1  
Calculations  
12.4  
Quality Index  
12.4.1  
Oil Consumption  
12.4.2  
Report  
13  
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5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
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1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Oil Heating System  
6.2.5.1  
Oil Sample Valve  
6.2.5.2  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Components  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jets  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.4  
Fuel Injectors  
10.5  
Air Flow  
10.6  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.7  
Fuel Filter  
10.8  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.9  
Calibration of Test Stands  
10.10  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.11  
Test Run Numbering  
10.13  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.14  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.15  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
11.6  
Engine Coolant  
11.6.1  
Engine Fuel System  
11.6.2  
Engine Oil Temperature  
11.6.3  
Exhaust Pressure  
11.6.4  
Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
11.7  
Piston Ring Side Clearances  
11.7.1  
Piston Ratings  
11.7.2  
Referee Ratings  
11.7.3  
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Note 1: This test method may be used for engine oil specifications, such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D6750-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)

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5.1 These are accelerated engine oil tests (known as the 1K and 1N test procedures), performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine using either mass fraction 0.4 % sulfur fuel (1K test) or mass fraction 0.04 % sulfur fuel (1N test), that give a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption.  
5.2 The 1K test was correlated with vehicles equipped with certain multi-cylinder direct injection engines used in heavy duty and high speed service prior to 1989, particularly with respect to aluminum piston deposits, and oil consumption, when fuel sulfur was nominally mass fraction 0.4 %. These data are given in Research Report RR:D02-1273.9  
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5.4 These test methods are used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category oils (API 1509).  
5.5 These test methods are also used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.4 % mass fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % mass fuel sulfur) procedure.3 The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D4485.  
1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures,3 also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source equipment specified. Also Brake Specific Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour.  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Introduction  
Scope  
1  
Referenced documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Methods  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
General Laboratory Requirements  
6.1  
Test Engine  
6.2  
Test Engine Accessories and Parts  
6.3  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Test Oil Sample Requirements  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Engine Inspection  
9.1  
Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush  
9.2  
Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections  
9.3  
Engine Assembly  
9.4  
Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly  
9.5  
Calibration of Engine Test Stand  
10  
General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration  
10.1  
Runs  
10.2  
Specified Test Parameters  
10.3  
Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria  
10.4  
Action on Rejection of Calibration Test  
10.5  
Test Numbering  
10.6  
Reference Oils  
10.7  
Severity Adjustments  
10.8  
Engine Operating Procedure  
11  
...

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ASTM
ASTM D7549-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions.  
5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance.  
5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5770-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a semiquantitative estimate of the acid number of lubricating oils obtained from laboratory oxidation tests using smaller amounts of sample than Test Methods D974, D664, or D3339. It has specific application in Test Method D943 and in Test Method D4871. This test method, therefore, provides a means of monitoring the relative oxidation of lubricating oils by measuring changes in acid number, at different time intervals and under various oxidizing test conditions.  
5.2 Since this test method is semiquantitative, each laboratory shall develop its own criteria for each oxidation test method for determining when to switch from this semiquantitative test method to a more precise test method for acid number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a semiquantitative micro method intended for monitoring the changes in acidic constituents occurring in lubricating oils during oxidation testing, when the acid number of such oils falls within the range from 0.02 mg to 1.0 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample. It is applicable to such oils as turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and other circulating oils.  
Note 1: This test method is a micro version of Test Method D974 and it produces results similar to that method.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use where sample size is limited. It shall not be used as a replacement for higher precision methods such as Test Methods D974 or D664. It shall not be used to monitor oils in-service.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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