ASTM D4742-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate oxidation stability of lubricating base oils with additives in the presence of chemistries similar to those found in gasoline engine service. Test results on some ASTM reference oils have been found to correlate with sequence IIID engine test results in hours for a 375 % viscosity increase.5 The test does not constitute a substitute for engine testing, which measures wear, oxidation stability, volatility, and deposit control characteristics of lubricants. Properly interpreted, the test may provide input on the oxidation stability of lubricants under simulated engine chemistry.
5.2 This test method is intended to be used as a bench screening test and quality control tool for lubricating base oil manufacturing, especially for re-refined lubricating base oils. This test method is useful for quality control of oxidation stability of re-refined oils from batch to batch.
5.3 This test method is useful for screening formulated oils prior to engine tests. Within similar additive chemistry and base oil types, the ranking of oils in this test appears to be predictive of ranking in engine tests. When oils having completely different additive chemistry or base oil type are compared, oxidation stability results may not reflect the actual engine test result.
5.4 Other oxidation stability test methods have demonstrated that soluble metal catalyst supplies are very inconsistent and they have significant effects on the test results. Thus, for test comparisons, the same source and same batch of metal naphthenates shall be used.
Note 2: It is also recommended as a good research practice not to use different batches of the fuel component in test comparisons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at 160 °C, utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water in a partial simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method can be used for engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4 mm2/s (cSt) to 21 mm2/s (cSt) at 100 °C, including re-refined oils.
1.2 This test method is not a substitute for the engine testing of an engine oil in established engine tests, such as Sequence IIID.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Pressure units are provided in psig, and dimensions are provided in inches in Annex A1, because these are the industry accepted standard and the apparatus is built according to the figures shown.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7 and 8.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4742 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by
1
Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4742; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of
A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for
engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at
Forging
160 °C, utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with
B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and
Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire (Metric)
water in a partial simulation of the conditions to which an oil
B0211_B0211M
may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
method can be used for engine oils with viscosity in the range
by Potentiometric Titration
2 2
from 4 mm /s (cSt) to 21 mm /s (cSt) at 100 °C, including
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
re-refined oils.
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
1.2 This test method is not a substitute for the engine testing
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
of an engine oil in established engine tests, such as Sequence
Petroleum Products
IIID.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3.1 Exception—Pressure units are provided in psig, and
3.1.1 break point, n—the precise point of time at which
dimensions are provided in inches in Annex A1, because these
rapid oxidation of the oil begins.
are the industry accepted standard and the apparatus is built
3.1.2 oxidation induction time, n—the time until the oil
according to the figures shown.
begins to oxidize at a relatively rapid rate as indicated by the
decrease of oxygen pressure.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.3 oxygen uptake, n—oxygen absorbed by oil as a result
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- of oil oxidation.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific warning statements, see Sections 7 and 8.
4.1 The test oil is mixed in a glass container with three other
liquids that are used to simulate engine conditions: (1) an
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
oxidized/nitrated fuel component (Annex A2), (2) a mixture of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
soluble metal naphthenates (lead, copper, iron, manganese, and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
stannous octoate (Annex A3)), and (3) Type I reagent water.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4.2 The glass container holding the oil mixture is placed in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a high pressure reactor equipped with a pressure gauge. The
high pressure reactor is sealed, charged with oxygen to a
pressure of 620 kPa (90 psig), and placed in an oil or dry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.09.0G on Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D4742 – 17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4742-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4742 − 23
FIG. 1 Schematic Drawing of Oxidation Test Apparatus
3,4
bath at 160 °C at an angle of 30° fro
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4742 − 17 D4742 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by
1
Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4742; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at 160 °C,
utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water in a partial
simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method can be used for
2 2
engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4 mm /s (cSt) to 21 mm /s (cSt) at 100 °C, including re-refined oils.
1.2 This test method is not a substitute for the engine testing of an engine oil in established engine tests, such as Sequence IIID.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Pressure units are provided in psig, and dimensions are provided in inches in Annex A1, because these are the
industry accepted standard and the apparatus is built according to the figures shown.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7 and 8.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for Forging
B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire (Metric) B0211_B0211M
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0G on Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017July 1, 2023. Published July 2017August 2023. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
D4742 – 16.D4742 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D4742-17.10.1520/D4742-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4742 − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 break point—point, n—the precise point of time at which rapid oxidation of the oil begins.
3.1.2 oxidation induction time—time, n—the time until the oil begins to oxidize at a relatively rapid rate as indicated by the
decrease of oxygen pressure.
3.1.3 oxygen uptake—uptake, n—oxygen absorbed by oil as a result of oil oxidation.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test oil is mixed in a glass container with three other liquids that are used to simulate engine conditions: (1) an
oxidized/nitrated fuel component (Annex A2), (2) a mixture of soluble metal naphthenates (lead, copper, iron, manganese, and tin
naphthenatesstannous octoate (Annex A3)), and (3) Type I reagent water.
4.2 The glass container holding the oil mixture is placed in a high pressure reactor equipped with a pressu
...
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