ASTM D6923-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil's deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Test Method
4
Significance and Use
5
Apparatus and Installation
6
Intake Air System
6.2.1
Exhaust System
6.2.2
Fuel System
6.2.3
Oil Consumption System
6.2.4
Engine Oil System
6.2.5
Engine Coolant System
6.2.6
Engine Instrumentation
6.2.7
Reagents and Materials
7
Oil Samples
8
Preparation of Apparatus
9
General Engine Assembly Practices
9.1
Complete Engine Inspection
9.2
Copper Component
9.3
Engine Lubricant System Flush
9.4
Engine Piston Cooling Jet
9.5
Engine Measurements and Inspections
9.6
Cylinder Head
9.7
Valve Guide Bushings
9.8
Fuel Injector
9.9
Piston and Rings
9.10
Cylinder Liner
9.11
Compression Ratio
9.12
Engine Timing
9.13
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure
9.14
Calibration and Standardization
10
Test Cell Instrumentation
10.1
Instrumentation Standards
10.2
Coolant Flow
10.3
Fuel Injectors
10.4
Air Flow
10.5
Intake Air Barrel
10.6
Fuel Filter
10.7
Oil Scale Flow Rates
10.8
Test Stand Calibration
10.9
Re-calibration Requirements
10.9.1
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period
10.9.2
Test Run Numbering
10.10
Humidity Calibration Requirements
10.11
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters
10.12
Procedure
11
Engine Break-in Procedure
11.1
Cool-down Procedure
11.2
Warm-up Procedure
11.3
Shutdowns and Lost Time
11.4
Periodic Measurements
11.5
Engine Control Systems
11.6
Engine Coolant
11.6.1
Engine Fuel System
11.6.2
Engine Oil Temperature
11.6.3
Exhaust Pressure
11.6.4
Intake Air
11.6.5
Post-Test Procedures
11.7
Piston Ring Side Clearances
11.7.1
Piston Ratings
11.7.2
Ring Gap End Increase
11.7.3
Cylinder Liner Wear
11.7.4
Cylinder Liner Bore Polish
11.7.5
Photographs
11.7.6
Calculation and Interpretation of Results
12
Test Validity
12.1
Calculations
12.4
Quality Index
12.4.1
Oil Consumption
12.4.2
Report
13
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6923 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder
1
Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test procedure described
2
in this test method. The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides calibration oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory
will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army has such a requirement
in some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is written for those laboratories
that use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore those
portions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMC
may modify this test method. In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to
the test method.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encourages alternative suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the critical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
An alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee
(current chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part
that is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine
feasibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a
replacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent the sole-source supplier footnote
shall be removed from the test procedure.
1. Scope* oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a
3
standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.
1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under
modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the oil’s deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified.
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6923 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/
D6923-23. safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
(TMC) will update changes in the test method by means of information letters.
Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203
3
Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. Attention: Director. This edition incorporates Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O.
revisions in all information Letters through No. 23-1. Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6923 − 23
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Oil C
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6923 − 18 D6923 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder
1
Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test procedure described
2
in this test method. The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides calibration oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory
will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army has such a requirement
in some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is written for those laboratories
that use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore those
portions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMC
may modify this test method. In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to
the test method.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encourages alternative suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the critical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
An alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee
(current chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part
that is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine
feasibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a
replacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent the sole-source supplier footnote
shall be removed from the test procedure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018July 1, 2023. Published November 2018July 2023. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
D6923 – 17.D6923 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D6923-18.10.1520/D6923-23.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator.203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA
16229. Attention: Director. This edition incorporates revisions in all information Letters through No. 18-1.23-1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6923 − 23
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil’s
deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized
3
high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size,
or where a sole source supplier is specified.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u
...
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