ASTM D5895-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring Times of Drying or Curing During Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
Standard Test Methods for Measuring Times of Drying or Curing During Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of several stages and the rate of dry-film formation of organic coatings using straight line and circular mechanical drying-time recording devices.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pounds are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 5895 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Measuring Times of Drying or Curing During Film Formation
of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of several
stages and the rate of dry-film formation of organic coatings
using straight line and circular mechanical drying-time record-
ing devices.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pounds are to be regarded as
the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are provided
for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
FIG. 1 Stages of Drying Using Straight Line Drying Time
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Recorders
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
these test methods, the dry-through time is reached when the
2. Referenced Documents stylus no longer left any visible track on the film (see Fig. 1 and
Fig. 2).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 set-to-touch time, n—The set-to-touch condition is
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
2 reached when the film has solidified sufficiently, by solvent
of Paint, Varnish and Related Products on Test Panels
evaporation or chemical reaction, or both, that it not longer
D 1005 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquers, and Related
Materials
D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Pigmented Coatings
3. Terminology
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 dry-hard time, n—The dry-hard condition is reached
when the drying and curing, or both, reactions have proceeded
sufficiently that the film is not displaced nor is any noticeable
mark left by pinching the panels between the thumb on the film
and forefinger with a relatively strong force. In these test
methods, the dry-hard time is reached where the stylus stops
tearing or cutting the film, but leaves only a visible trace on the
film (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
3.1.2 dry-through time, n—The dry-through condition is
reached when the film has solidified so completely that a large,
twisting force can be applied without distorting the film. In
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1996. Published March 1996.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. FIG. 2 Stages of Drying Using Circular Time Drying Recorders
D 5895
A
TABLE 1 Suggested Film Thickness of Materials to be Tested
flows nor sticks to a finger that lightly touches it. In these test
methods, the set-to-touch time is reached where a pear-shaped Material Dry Film Thickness
depression appears in the film when the film stops flowing over
Oil paints 1.8 60.2mil (4562.5μm)
Enamels 1.0 60.1mil (2562μm)
the path of the recorder’s stylus and leaves a track in the film
Waterborne paints 1.0 60.1mil (2562μm)
(see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
Drying oils 1.0 60.1mil (2562μm)
3.1.4 tack-free time, n—The tack-free condition is reached
Varnishes 0.8560.1mil (2062μm)
Resin solutions 0.8560.1mil (2062μm)
when the film surface has dried or cured (see set-to-touch time)
Lacquers 0.5 60.1mil(12.56 2μm)
so that the film does not adhere to very light objects placed on
A
This table is a general guide to be used when there is no specific agreement
it. In these test methods, the tack-free time is reached where the
between the purchaser and the seller.
continuous track in the film ceases and the stylus starts to tear
the film or leave a discontinuous cutting of the film (see Fig. 1
with resultant good flow and leveling properties.
and Fig. 2).
6.3 Films to be tested should have practical thicknesses
commensurate with those expected under actual usage for the
4. Summary of Test Methods
type under test.
4.1 In Test Method A (Straight Line Recorder), the coating
is applied to glass strips approximately 12 by 1 in. (300 by 25
7. Test Conditions
mm). The drying time recorder is immediately placed on the
7.1 Air Dry Coatings, conduct all tests in a well ventilated
wet film and the stylus lowered onto the wet coating. The stylus
room, free from direct drafts, dust, laboratory fumes, and under
moves across the glass strip at a selected constant speed.
diffused light. Make all measurements at a temperature of 23 6
4.2 In Test Method B (Circular Recorder), the coating is
2°C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in accordance with
applied to glass plates approximately 6 in. by 6 in. (150 by 150
Specification D 3924. For baking systems, conduct all tests in
mm). The drying time recorder is immediately placed on the
a forced draft oven at controlled temperatures within the limits
wet film and a stylus is moved in a 360° arc at a selected
of the drying time device.
constant speed.
7.2 Light Conditions—Illumination of air dry films during
the entire drying test period should be about 25 fc (270 lx) from
5. Significance and Use
normal laboratory or sky sources, never from direct sunlight or
5.1 The drying times of a coating are significant in deter-
other sources high in nonvisible radiant energy.
mining when a freshly painted room, floor or stair may be put
back in use or a coated article handled or packaged. Slow 8. Preparation of Test Specimens
drying may result in dirt pick-up or, on an exterior surface,
8.1 All test specimens shall be prepared and tested by one
moisture may cause a nonuniform appearance.
operator properly skilled in the methods to be used. Conduct
5.2 These test methods are used to determine the various
testing at least in duplicate. Sampling shall be conducted in
stages of drying or curing in the dry-film formation of organic
accordance with procedures outlined in Practice D 3924.
coatings using mechanical devices for the purpose o
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