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ASTM D6568-00

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples

Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples

SCOPE
1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting chemical analyses that are traceable to SI Units or to Certified Reference Materials in laboratories that serve the water and environmental industry.
1.2 This guide does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2000
ICS
13.060.45 - Examination of water in general
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.02 - Quality Systems, Specification, and Statistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6568-00(2006) - Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples
Effective Date
15-Feb-2006

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ASTM D6568-00 - Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water SamplesASTM D6568-00 - Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples
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ASTM D6568-00 - Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D6568–00
Standard Guide for
Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical
Analyses of Water Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6568; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—There is significant variation in the overall quality of com-
1. Scope
mercially available Certified Reference Materials and caution should be
1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting
used when choosing Certified Reference Materials. UseASTM D 6362 to
chemical analyses that are traceable to SI Units or to Certified
provide guidance as to what information needs to be included on
Reference Materials in laboratories that serve the water and
Certificate of a Certified Reference Material.
environmental industry.
3.1.2 traceability—property of the result of a measurement
1.2 This guide does not purport to address the safety
or the value of a standard whereby it can be related, with a
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
stated uncertainty, to stated references, usually national or
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
international standards, through an unbroken chain of compari-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
sons. (ISO Guide 30:1992).
tions prior to use.
3.1.3 uncertainty (of measurement)—parameter, associated
with the result of a measurement that characterizes the disper-
2. Referenced Documents
sion of values that could reasonably be attributed to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measured. (International Vocabulary of Basic and General
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
Terms in Metrology [VIM] (ISO: 2nd ed., 1993).
D 6362 Standard Practice for Certificates of Reference Ma-
3.1.4 work plan—a documented procedure intended for use
terials for Water Analysis
by a laboratory to meet the measurement traceability require-
IEEE/ASTM SI 10–1997 Standard for use of the Interna-
ments of a defined need.
tional System of Units (SI): the modern metric system
3.1.5 SI units—this is the International System of Units (SI)
2.2 Other Documents:
which is the modernized Metric System as described in
ISO Guide 17025: General Requirements for the Compe-
IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997. A SI Quick Reference Guide is
tence of Calibration and Testing Laboratories
includedattheback(inthe“graypages”)ofvolumes11.01and
ISO Guide 30: Terms and definitions used in connection
11.02.
with reference materials
International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in
4. Significance and Use
Metrology [VIM]: ISO: 2nd ed., 1993
4.1 This Guide establishes basic requirements which should
be met by water and environmental laboratories that generate
3. Terminology
and report test chemical analyses which the laboratory client
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this Guide,
desires to be traceable to SI Units (Note 2) or Certified
refer to D 1129, Terminology Relating to Water.
Reference Materials traceable to SI Units. Traceability of
3.1.1 certified reference material—reference material, ac-
chemical analyses is important because it provides a uniform
companied by a certificate, one or more of whose property
basis for the comparison of results from different measurement
values are certified by a procedure which established its
systems and because it relates those results to our current
traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which the
knowledge of physical laws. (Note 3)
property values are expressed, and for which each certified
NOTE 2—A Certified Reference Material traceable to SI Units is a
value is accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level of
Certified Reference Material whose value can be related with a stated
confidence. (ISO Guide 30:1992) (Note 1).
uncertainty through an unbroken change of comparisons to stated refer-
ences (usually national or international standards) in SI Units, such as a
primary measurement made in SI Units or a national standard certified in
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-19 on Water and is
SI Units.
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on General Specifications,
NOTE 3—Not all chemical analysis results can be traceable to SI Units
Technical Resources, and Statistical Methods.
Current edition approved July 10, 2000. Published October 2000. or to Certified Reference Material’s traceable to SI Units, such as
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
Turbidity and or Total Suspended Solids.
Floor, New York, New York, 10036
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6568–00
4.2 Many waters-related laboratories comply with ISO special requirements, such as, the need to certify that the
Guide 17025 and participate in Proficiency Testing Programs. materialtestedcomplieswithaspecificproductspecificationor
Laboratories that are connected to the same accreditation that traceability must be made to a specific standard or
bodies and ProficiencyTest providers can be expected to report Certified Reference Material. The request shall also specify if
statistically similar results on the same sample. However, some any nontraceable chemical analyses are to be included as part
test methods and some Certified Reference Materials are not of the project.
supported with data traceable to SI Units. Therefore, fully
6.1.2 The client shall select an ISO Guide 17025 compliant
compliant laboratories that are not connected to the same
laboratoryandsubmittheirrequesttothelaboratoryforreview.
providers may report statistically different chemical analysis
6.1.3 The laboratory shall review the request, work with the
results if they used the same nontraceable test method on the
client to clarify their understanding of the need, and inform the
same sample. This problem could be minimized if they used
client of its willingness and capability to proceed.
test methods, measurement devices, and Certified Reference
6.2 The laboratory shall prepare a work plan (Note 5) to
Materials that are traceable to SI Units, where available.
meet the requirements and obtain concurrence with the client,
4.3 Although some standard test methods and Certified
as follows.
Reference Materials provide evidence of traceability to SI
NOTE 5—A Work Plan can be in the form of a laboratory SOP that
Units, many others do not. Therefore, not all laboratories can
includes the requirements detailed in sections 6.2.1-6.2.6. This will allow
be expected to universally meet all requests for traceable
a laboratory to have a “generic” Work Plan, which will reduce costs and
analyses until the traceability of more test methods and
increase efficiency.
Certified Reference Materials is recognized through appropri-
ate documentation. 6.2.1 The work plan shall identify protocols: for example,
sample receipt, chain of custody, and sample preparation. It
4.4 The primary significance of this Guide is that it estab-
lishes a consensus that, in or
...

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ASTM D5241-92(2024)(Practice)
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4.1 This practice provides a general procedure for the solvent extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from a water matrix. Solvent extraction is used as the initial step in the solvent extraction of organic constituents for the purpose of quantifying extractable organic compounds.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standard procedures for extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from water using small volumes of solvents.  
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5.1 Turbidity at the levels defined in the scope of this test method are often monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of water environments and determine the impact of changes in response to environmental events (weather events, floods, etc.). Turbidity is often undesirable in drinking water, plant effluent waters, water for food and beverage processing, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Removal is often accomplished by coagulation, sedimentation, and various levels of filtration. Measurement of turbidity provides an indicator of contamination, and is a vital measurement for monitoring the characteristics and or quality within the sample’s source or process.  
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ASTM D3976-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical analysis of sediments, collected from such locations as streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, and oceans can provide information of environmental significance.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis

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5.1 In order to be certain that the end user of analytical results obtained from using an ASTM Committee D19 test method can be confident that the values have been obtained through a competent application of the test method, a demonstration of the proficiency of the analytical system shall be performed. Appropriate proficiency is demonstrated by achievement of performance criteria derived from results of the test method collaborative study. The QC measures specified in this practice shall be included in each ASTM test method, as applicable, to ensure the quality of measurements.  
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5.1 The transport of any suspended solids or corrosion products from the preboiler cycle has been shown to be detrimental to all types of steam generating equipment. Corrosion product transport as low as 10 ppb can have significant impact on steam generators performance.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable for sampling condensed steam or water, such as boiler feedwater, for the collection of suspended solids and (optional) ionic solids using a 0.45-μm membrane filter (suspended solids) and ion exchange media (ionic solids). As the major suspended component found in most boiler feedwaters is some form of corrosion product from the preboiler system, the device used for this practice is commonly called a corrosion product sampler.  
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5.1 This test provides an easy and reliable method for the detection of L. pneumophila in potable and non-potable waters in 7 days.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a simple procedure for the detection of Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) in potable water and non-potable waters (cooling towers, for example). This procedure describes a liquid culture method based on a bacterial enzyme technology. The detection of L. pneumophila is signaled through the utilization of a substrate present in the Legiolert reagent. L. pneumophila cells grow rapidly and reproduce using the rich supply of amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients present in the Legiolert reagent. Actively growing strains of L. pneumophila use the added substrate to produce a brown color indicator or produce turbid growth with or without brown coloration. Legiolert can detect this bacterial species at the following minimum concentrations based on the protocol employed:  
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ASTM D7366-08(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty for Data from Regression-based Methods

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5.1 Appropriate application of this practice should result in an estimate of the test-method’s uncertainty (at any concentration within the working range), which can be compared with data-quality objectives to see if the uncertainty is acceptable.  
5.2 With data sets that compare recovered concentration with true concentration, the resulting regression plot allows the correction of the recovery data to true values. Reporting of such corrections is at the discretion of the user.  
5.3 This practice should be used to estimate the measurement uncertainty for any application of a test method where measurement uncertainty is important to data use.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a standard for computing the measurement uncertainty for applicable test methods in Committee D19 on Water. The practice does not provide a single-point estimate for the entire working range, but rather relates the uncertainty to concentration. The statistical technique of regression is employed during data analysis.  
1.2 Applicable test methods are those whose results come from regression-based methods and whose data are intra-laboratory (not inter-laboratory data, such as result from round-robin studies). For each analysis conducted using such a method, it is assumed that a fixed, reproducible amount of sample is introduced.  
1.3 Calculation of the measurement uncertainty involves the analysis of data collected to help characterize the analytical method over an appropriate concentration range. Example sources of data include: (1) calibration studies (which may or may not be conducted in pure solvent), (2) recovery studies (which typically are conducted in matrix and include all sample-preparation steps), and (3) collections of data obtained as part of the method’s ongoing Quality Control program. Use of multiple instruments, multiple operators, or both, and field-sampling protocols may or may not be reflected in the data.  
1.4 In any designed study whose data are to be used to calculate method uncertainty, the user should think carefully about what the study is trying to accomplish and much variation should be incorporated into the study. General guidance on designing studies (for example, calibration, recovery) is given in Appendix X1. Detailed guidelines on sources of variation are outside the scope of this practice, but general points to consider are included in Appendix X2, which is not intended to be exhaustive. With any study, the user must think carefully about the factors involved with conducting the analysis, and must realize that the computed measurement uncertainty will reflect the quality of the input data.  
1.5 Associated with the measurement uncertainty is a user-chosen level of statistical confidence.  
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1.7 It is assumed that the user has access to a statistical software package for performing regression. A statistician should be consulted if assistance is needed in selecting such a program.  
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ASTM D3975-93(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Development and Use (Preparation) of Samples for Collaborative Testing of Methods for Analysis of Sediments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide guidelines for the preparation of samples for use in collaborative tests, to evaluate methods during their development, and for the evaluation of the precision and bias of proposed test methods.  
5.2 Statements of the precision and bias are a mandatory part of ASTM test methods. Such an evaluation is necessary to provide guidance to the user as to the reliability of measurements that can be expected by its use. The statements are developed on the basis of user experience (ordinarily collaborative tests) with the test method.  
5.3 The availability of test samples is a key requirement for collaborative evaluation of test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes uniform general procedures for the development (preparation) and use of samples in the collaborative testing of methods for chemical analysis of sediments and similar materials.  
1.2 The principles of this practice are applicable to aqueous samples with suitable technical modifications.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Certificates of Reference Materials for Water Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is designed to assist suppliers and users of reference materials by identifying the information necessary on the certificate of analysis of materials designated for use in ASTM test methods. This practice is specifically designed to ensure that materials suitable for use as either calibration or quality control standards are available. This practice does not define a specific certification protocol, but rather provides guidance in the development of adequate data to support the use of the material as either a calibration or quality control standard. Suppliers are referred to ISO Guide 35 for guidelines on acceptable certification protocols. End users are referred to ISO Guide 31 for a more complete description of the elements of typical certificates of analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the information that must be provided on certificates of analysis of reference materials designated to support ASTM methods. It provides end users of these materials with a defined set of data that is required to be on a certificate of analysis and provides information to assist the end user in evaluating the independence of the material. Similarly, it provides the suppliers of reference materials with a consistent format for the presentation of certification data.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM
ASTM D596-01(2018)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The proper use of analytical data requires adequate documentation of all inputs, that is, the source and history of the sample, laboratory performing the analysis, method of analysis, date of analysis, precision and bias of the measurements, and related quality assurance information.  
4.2 In order to have defensible data, the report must be complete and accurate, providing adequate information to evaluate the quality of the data and contain supporting information that documents sampling and analysis procedures.  
4.3 This guide contains some of the common data qualifiers or “flags” commonly used by laboratories following the good laboratory practices, the government contract program, or found in the commercial laboratories. Examples of these qualifiers are the use of (E) for estimated value, (U) for analyzed for but not detected, and (B) for analyte was found in the blank (see 8.11). The qualifiers included in this guide should help the laboratory and its customers to better understand each other by using standardized qualifiers.  
4.4 Practice D933 is a comprehensive practice for reporting water-formed constituents such as metal oxides, acid anhydrides, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for reporting inorganic and organic results of analyses of drinking water, waste water, process water, ground water, and surface water, and so forth, to laboratory clients in a complete and systematic fashion.  
1.2 The reporting of bacterial and radiological data are not addressed in this guide.  
1.3 The commonly used data qualifiers for reviewing and reporting information are listed and defined. Client and laboratory specific requirements may make use of other qualifiers. This guide does not preclude the use of other data qualifiers.  
1.4 This guide discusses procedures for and specific problems in the reporting of low level data, potential errors (Type I and Type II), and reporting data that are below the calculated method detection limit and above the analyte.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
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