ASTM E2397/E2397M-15
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determination of Dead Loads and Live Loads Associated with Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
Standard Practice for Determination of Dead Loads and Live Loads Associated with Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice addresses performance characteristics for vegetative (green) roof systems with respect to the dead load and transient water load of the entire vegetative (green) roof system.
5.2 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.
5.3 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure for predicting the system weight of a vegetative (green) roof system.
1.2 The practice addresses the loads associated with vegetative (green) roof systems. Components that are typically encountered in vegetative (green) roof systems include: membranes, non-absorptive plastic sheet components, metallic layers, fabrics, geocomposite drain layers, synthetic reinforcing layers, cover/recover boards, insulation materials, growth media, granular drainage media, and plant materials.
1.3 This practice also addresses the weight of the vegetative (green) roof system under two conditions: (1) weight under drained conditions after new water additions by rainfall or irrigation have ceased (this includes the weight of retained water and captured water), and (2) weight when rainfall or irrigation is actively occurring and the drain layer is completely filled with water. The first condition is considered the dead load of the vegetative (green) roof system. The difference in weight between the first and second conditions, approximated by the weight of transient water in the drain layer, is considered a live load.
1.4 This practice does not address point or line loads associated with architectural elements that are not essential components of a particular vegetative (green) roof system. These architectural elements may include pavement, walls, and masonry, and so forth.
1.5 This practice does not address live loads associated with construction activities.
1.6 This practice does not address loads associated with snow or wind.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2397/E2397M − 15
Standard Practice for
Determination of Dead Loads and Live Loads Associated
1
with Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2397/E2397M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure for pre-
with the standard.
dicting the system weight of a vegetative (green) roof system.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 The practice addresses the loads associated with vegeta-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tive (green) roof systems. Components that are typically
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
encountered in vegetative (green) roof systems include:
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
membranes, non-absorptive plastic sheet components, metallic
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
layers, fabrics, geocomposite drain layers, synthetic reinforc-
ing layers, cover/recover boards, insulation materials, growth
2. Referenced Documents
media, granular drainage media, and plant materials.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This practice also addresses the weight of the vegetative
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
(green) roof system under two conditions: (1) weight under Sieves
drained conditions after new water additions by rainfall or
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
irrigation have ceased (this includes the weight of retained E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-
water and captured water), and (2) weight when rainfall or
mance of Buildings
irrigationisactivelyoccurringandthedrainlayeriscompletely E2396 Test Method for Saturated Water Permeability of
filledwithwater.Thefirstconditionisconsideredthedeadload
Granular Drainage Media [Falling-Head Method] for
of the vegetative (green) roof system. The difference in weight Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
between the first and second conditions, approximated by the
E2398 Test Method for Water Capture and Media Retention
weight of transient water in the drain layer, is considered a live of Geocomposite Drain Layers for Vegetative (Green)
load. Roof Systems
E2399 Test Method for Maximum Media Density for Dead
1.4 This practice does not address point or line loads
Load Analysis of Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
associated with architectural elements that are not essential
components of a particular vegetative (green) roof system.
3. Terminology
These architectural elements may include pavement, walls, and
3.1 Definitions:
masonry, and so forth.
3.1.1 For terms related to building construction, refer to
1.5 This practice does not address live loads associated with
Terminology E631.
construction activities.
3.1.2 For terms related to sustainability relative to the
performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.
1.6 This practice does not address loads associated with
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
snow or wind.
3.2.1 captured water, n—the quantity of water that is re-
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
tained in the drain layer of a vegetative (green) roof system
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
after new water additions have ceased and that cannot escape
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
the roof except through evaporation or plant transpiration.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Water capture is a design technique for
1
This Practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
2
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.24 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sustainability. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
in 2005. Last published in 2011 as E2397 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/E2397_E2397M-15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2397/E2397M − 15
enhancing the water holding properties of a vegetative (green) 3.2.8 roofing system, n—assembly of interacting compo-
roof system. Water may be captured using a number of nents designed to weatherproof, and sometimes to insulate, the
techn
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2397 − 11 E2397/E2397M − 15
Standard Practice for
Determination of Dead Loads and Live Loads Associated
1
with Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2397;E2397/E2397M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure for predicting the system weight of a vegetative (green) roof system.
1.2 The practice addresses the loads associated with vegetative (green) roof systems. Components that are typically encountered
in vegetative (green) roof systems include: membranes, non-absorptive plastic sheet components, metallic layers, fabrics,
geocomposite drain layers, synthetic reinforcing layers, cover/recover boards, insulation materials, growth media, granular
drainage media, and plant materials.
1.3 This practice also addresses the weight of the vegetative (green) roof system under two conditions: (1) weight under drained
conditions after new water additions by rainfall or irrigation have ceased (this includes the weight of retained water and captured
water), and (2) weight when rainfall or irrigation is actively occurring and the drain layer is completely filled with water. The first
condition is considered the dead load of the vegetative (green) roof system. The difference in weight between the first and second
conditions, approximated by the weight of transient water in the drain layer, is considered a live load.
1.4 This practice does not address point or line loads associated with architectural elements that are not essential components
of a particular vegetative (green) roof system. These architectural elements may include pavement, walls, and masonry, and so
forth.
1.5 This practice does not address live loads associated with construction activities.
1.6 This practice does not address loads associated with snow or wind.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
E2396 Test Method for Saturated Water Permeability of Granular Drainage Media [Falling-Head Method] for Vegetative (Green)
Roof Systems
E2398 Test Method for Water Capture and Media Retention of Geocomposite Drain Layers for Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
E2399 Test Method for Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
1
This Practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.24 on Sustainability.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011June 1, 2015. Published March 2011July 2015. Originally approved in 2005. Last published in 20052011 as E2397 – 05.E2397 – 11.
DOI: 10.1520/E2397-11.10.1520/E2397_E2397M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2397/E2397M − 15
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For terms related to building construction, refer to Terminology E631.
3.1.2 For terms related to sustainability relative to the performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 captured water, n—the
...
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