D08.24 - Sustainability

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the quality and grading of expanded shale, clay and slate (ESCS) for use as a mineral component of growing media and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative (green) roof systems. ESCS is a lightweight, highly porous and low-density ceramic material produced by expanding and vitrifying select shale, clay or slate in a rotary kiln. The requirements are intended to cover only materials having normal or average gradation characteristics. This specification also describes the materials and manufacture, as well as physical and chemical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the quality and grading of the following materials for use as a mineral component of growing media and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative (green) roof systems. The requirements are intended to cover only materials having normal or average gradation characteristics. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for evaluating the performance nutrients associated with vegetative (green) roof growing media. Where other materials are to be used, appropriate limits suitable to their use must be specified.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to be used by roof covering manufacturers to develop protocol for waste reduction and resource recovery in the field, by initiating a recycling program of the roof covering. The roof coverings should be sent to a facility where the material can be processed by chemical recycling, mechanical recycling, or other accepted methods, and shipped to the roof covering manufacturer to be included into the production of new roof coverings. An alternative is to have the reprocessed material sent to other manufacturers or production facilities to be incorporated into new products aside from those used in roofing. This guide does not include roof cover waste to energy.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information for the development of a program to reduce roof covering waste. The recycled roof coverings and any scrap roof cover materials may be reprocessed back into new roof coverings, into other roofing products, or into products other than roofing. This guide does not comment on the use or the inclusion of other recycled or recovered materials which may be used to increase the total amount of recycle material.  
1.2 This guide addresses terminology, logistics, quality assurance, separation, or segregation in the recycling process of materials.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Intended Use—The intended use of this guide is to provide general information to practitioners in the fields of vegetative (green) roof design and construction. The guide encourages innovative but responsible vegetative (green) roof design, with a focus on performance and quality assurance. Numerical ranges, practical minimums, and benchmarks that are incorporated in the guide are intended for reference. Design requirements for specific projects vary and, therefore, qualified professionals may prepare designs with features that may vary from the recommendations contained in the guide. In all instances, vegetative (green) roof system designs shall conform to the applicable code requirements of federal, state, provincial, or local agencies with jurisdiction.  
4.2 Users—Users of this guide include: planners, developers, architects, landscape architects, engineers, general contractors, subcontractors, owners, facility managers, financial organizations related to building industry, building materials and product manufacturers, government agencies including building officials, and other building professionals.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies terminology, principles, and fundamental concepts including those related to sustainability, technical requirements of construction, and types of vegetative (green) roof systems used on buildings.  
1.2 The considerations for sustainable development relative to vegetative (green) roof systems are categorized as follows: environmental, social, and economic as consistent with Guide E2432. (See Appendix X1.)  
1.3 This guide discusses technical requirements for vegetative (green) roof systems pertaining to the following categories: plants, media, wind scour resistance, soil reinforcement, separation or filter layers, drain layers, water retention layers, protection layers, and root penetration barriers.  
1.4 This guide addresses intensive and extensive vegetative (green) roof systems for roofs up to 15 % slope. Roofing/waterproofing membranes and insulation are key components of vegetative (green) roof systems, but technical requirements regarding their role in such roof systems is beyond the scope of this guide.
Note 1: ASTM Technical Committees D08 and C16 have jurisdiction over the development of standards for roofing/waterproofing membranes and insulations, respectively. Some of their existing standards may be helpful in the evaluation of membranes and insulation used in vegetative (green) roof systems. As these two committees develop standards for such roofs, this guide will be revised appropriately.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method describes simple laboratory methods that provide reproducible measurements of critical media properties, and permit direct comparisons to be made between different media materials.  
5.2 The density of mixed media materials will vary depending on the degree to which they are subjected to compaction and the length of time that the material is allowed to hydrate and subsequently drain. Most green roof media materials have a large capacity to absorb and retain moisture. Furthermore, moisture will drain gradually from the media following a hydration cycle. The maximum media density measured in this procedure approaches the density at the theoretical saturation point.  
5.3 Existing methods for measuring the capillary-moisture relationship for soils (Test Method D2325) rely on sample preparation procedures (Test Methods D698) that are not consistent with the conditions associated with the placement of green roof media materials. This procedure is intended to provide a reproducible laboratory procedure for predicting the maximum media density, moisture content, air-filled porosity, and water permeability under conditions that more closely replicate field conditions on green roofs.  
5.4 The value of this test method to the green roof designer is that it provides an objective measure of maximum probable media density (under drained conditions) for estimating structural loads. It also provides a method for estimating the lower limit for the water permeability of the in-place media. This latter value is important when considering drainage conditions in green roofs. Finally, the maximum media water retention has been shown to be a useful indicator of the moisture retention properties of green roof media.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maximum dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled porosity, and the water permeability measured at the maximum media density.  
1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using the loss on ignition, as described in Test Methods E177, Test Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried sample prepared according to Test Methods E177, Test Method A.  
1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture content measured in this procedure applies to drained conditions near the saturation point.  
1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical percolation rates for water in green roofs.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice addresses performance characteristics for vegetative (green) roof systems with respect to the dead load and transient water load of the entire vegetative (green) roof system.  
5.2 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
5.3 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure for predicting the system weight of a vegetative (green) roof system.  
1.2 The practice addresses the loads associated with vegetative (green) roof systems. Components that are typically encountered in vegetative (green) roof systems include: membranes, non-absorptive plastic sheet components, metallic layers, fabrics, geocomposite drain layers, synthetic reinforcing layers, cover/recover boards, insulation materials, growth media, granular drainage media, and plant materials.  
1.3 This practice also addresses the weight of the vegetative (green) roof system under two conditions: (1) weight under drained conditions after new water additions by rainfall or irrigation have ceased (this includes the weight of retained water and captured water), and (2) weight when rainfall or irrigation is actively occurring and the drain layer is completely filled with water. The first condition is considered the dead load of the vegetative (green) roof system. The difference in weight between the first and second conditions, approximated by the weight of transient water in the drain layer, is considered a live load.  
1.4 This practice does not address point or line loads associated with architectural elements that are not essential components of a particular vegetative (green) roof system. These architectural elements may include pavement, walls, and masonry, and so forth.  
1.5 This practice does not address live loads associated with construction activities.  
1.6 This practice does not address loads associated with snow or wind.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method addresses performance characteristics for vegetative (green) roof systems with respect to the water permeability of the drainage media.  
5.1.1 Water permeability of coarse materials is highly influenced by the head conditions under which it is measured. In vegetative (green) roofs, coarse materials are frequently used to create drainage zones for percolated rainfall.  
5.1.2 This test method is intended to provide water permeability data that is relevant to this design condition that is characterized by horizontal flow under low-head. This will also allow the performance of granular drainage layers in vegetative (green) roof systems to be compared directly to alternative components, such as geocomposite drain layers.  
5.2 Determining the performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
5.3 Determining the performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the water permeability of coarse granular materials used in the drainage layers of vegetative (green) roof systems.  
1.2 This test method addresses water permeability under the low-head conditions that typify horizontal flow in vegetative (green) roof applications.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for coarse-grained materials with 100 % of the material retained on the U.S. #8 [2.25 mm] sieve. It is not suitable for finer-grained materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
5.1.1 Accurate information about the water and media holding capacity of geocomposite drain layers is essential to predict dead load for vegetative (green) roof systems.  
5.2 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to one another.  
5.2.1 Water capture is also useful in assessing irrigation requirements for vegetative (green) roof designs.  
5.2.2 Information about the unit media retention volume is required to predict the quantity of material that will be required to construct a vegetative (green) roof with a specified total thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water and media retention of synthetic drains layers used in vegetative (green) roof systems.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to geocomposite drain layers that retain water and media in cup-like receptacles on their upper surface. Examples include shaped plastic membranes and closed-cell plastic foam boards.  
1.3 This test method does not apply to products manufactured from water-absorptive materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide addresses performance characteristics for green roof systems with respect to the planting. A rooftop is an extreme environment with strong and variable wind patterns and little or no protection from the sun’s intense heat and ultraviolet radiation. Selection of plant material can be crucial for success of the green roof system.  
5.1.1 This guide provides general guidance only. It is important to consult with a professional horticulturist, green roof consultant, landscape architect, or work with similar professionals that are knowledgeable, experienced, and acquainted with green roof technology and plants.  
5.2 Determining these performance characteristics of green roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
5.3 Determining these performance characteristics of green roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one green roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the considerations for the selection, installation, and maintenance of plants for green roof systems.  
1.2 This guide is applicable to both extensive and intensive green roof systems.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides the general information, procedures, and guidelines for the selection of the waterproofing membrane to create a waterproofing system for a Vegetative (Green) roof.  
4.2 This guide is not all inclusive; this guide is intended to supplement detailed instructions from manufacturers, ASTM Standards, and building code requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide guidance in the selection of a suitable waterproofing membrane within a vegetative roof system. The guide offers various options for reviewing the membrane installation during and upon completion of the installation and prior to the vegetative components being installed. This guide applies to membranes that do or do not require UV protection. For the purpose of this guide, the supporting structure and roof deck are assumed to be mechanically and structurally sound and will accept the weight of the vegetative roof system including the membrane, insulation, and other roofing/waterproofing components including all components related to the vegetative layers as well as the required design loads. Slope to drain at the membrane level is preferred and should be included where possible. Providing a replacement or a re-cover vegetative roofing system on an existing building may require that the support structure be reinforced so that it can safely support the additional weight of the vegetative roof system and also provide the minimum live load capacity required by the building code.  
1.2 Design criteria associated with the vegetative portions of the system are beyond the scope of this guide. Please refer to Guide E2777.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to help the user identify and define demands made upon the roofing system by factors such as weather, climate, and building use, in light of the fact that many roofs are specified with secondary features that have quantifiable or non-quantifiable environmental or humanitarian benefit such as alternative energy generation, vegetation, or use as open space. Awareness of the roof’s use as a platform for these secondary functions, as well as the additional demands they make upon the roof, is needed to specify a durable and sustainable roof.  
5.2 It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to determine the appropriate prescriptive requirements for implementation of the sustainable roofing system based on considerations listed herein.  
5.3 Codes and local ordinances set minimum requirements for roofing systems. Nothing in this guide should be construed to abridge or lessen requirements of codes and local ordinances. Other entities, such as building insurers and system manufacturers, may have requirements for the roofing system.  
5.4 Sustainability of a roofing system is site and use specific. A roofing system considered sustainable for a certain site or application may not be sustainable in a different application. There may also be more than one roofing system that achieves an optimal level of sustainability for a given site and application.  
5.5 Above-roof vegetative (green) systems and rooftop energy generation systems are discussed herein because they are frequently placed on roofs to reduce the building’s overall environmental impact. These features do not generally contribute to the durability or longevity of the roof. These features may be detrimental to roof system performance and impair the roof’s ability to perform its primary function of protecting the building if their impact is not accounted for in the roof design.  
5.6 Design of above-roof systems is beyond the scope of this guide; however, consideration of their p...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance and considerations related to designing sustainable low-sloped roofing systems, including exposed membrane roofs, membranes covered with vegetative (green) overburden systems, ballasted roofs, and protected membrane roofing assemblies. A sustainable roofing system minimizes environmental impact, conserves energy, and has maximized service life.  
1.2 The primary purpose of a roofing system is to weatherproof the building’s top surface. Implementing a sustainable roofing system is the intent of this guide.  
1.3 This guide acknowledges that many factors outside the designer’s control affect the longevity of a roofing system. The designer may rely on industry literature (X1.1) and personal experience with roofing systems to estimate the design life.  
1.4 The premise of this guide is to focus attention on environmental and other factors that may affect the roofing system over its service life. By considering these factors and incorporating into the roofing system design certain features that mitigate these factors and their potential adverse effects on the roofing system, the roofing system would be expected to have a longer service life.  
1.5 This guide includes materials used in roofing systems under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing. The applicability of this guide to other systems and materials has not been determined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the quality and grading of expanded shale, clay and slate (ESCS) for use as a mineral component of growing media and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative (green) roof systems. ESCS is a lightweight, highly porous and low-density ceramic material produced by expanding and vitrifying select shale, clay or slate in a rotary kiln. The requirements are intended to cover only materials having normal or average gradation characteristics. This specification also describes the materials and manufacture, as well as physical and chemical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the quality and grading of the following materials for use as a mineral component of growing media and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative (green) roof systems. The requirements are intended to cover only materials having normal or average gradation characteristics. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for evaluating the performance nutrients associated with vegetative (green) roof growing media. Where other materials are to be used, appropriate limits suitable to their use must be specified.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This standard offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to be used by roof covering manufacturers to develop protocol for waste reduction and resource recovery in the field, by initiating a recycling program of the roof covering. The roof coverings should be sent to a facility where the material can be processed, by chemical recycling, mechanical recycling, or other accepted methods and shipped to the roof covering manufacturer to be included into the production of new roof coverings. An alternative is to have the reprocessed material sent to other manufacturers or production facilities to be incorporated into new products aside from those used in roofing. This guide does not include roof cover waste to energy.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information for the development of a program to reduce roof covering waste. The recycled roof coverings and any scrap roof cover materials may be reprocessed back into new roof coverings, into other roofing products, or into products other than roofing. This guide does not comment on the use or the inclusion of other recycled or recovered materials which may be used to increase the total amount of recycle material.  
1.2 This guide addresses terminology, logistics, quality assurance, separation, or segregation in the recycling process of materials.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
5.1.1 Accurate information about the water and media holding capacity of geocomposite drain layers is essential to predict dead load for vegetative (green) roof systems.  
5.2 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to one another.  
5.2.1 Water capture is also useful in assessing irrigation requirements for vegetative (green) roof designs.  
5.2.2 Information about the unit media retention volume is required to predict the quantity of material that will be required to construct a vegetative (green) roof with a specified total thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water and media retention of synthetic drains layers used in vegetative (green) roof systems.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to geocomposite drain layers that retain water and media in cup-like receptacles on their upper surface. Examples include shaped plastic membranes and closed-cell plastic foam boards.  
1.3 This test method does not apply to products manufactured from water-absorptive materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method describes simple laboratory methods that provide reproducible measurements of critical media properties, and permit direct comparisons to be made between different media materials.  
5.2 The density of mixed media materials will vary depending on the degree to which they are subjected to compaction and the length of time that the material is allowed to hydrate and subsequently drain. Most green roof media materials have a large capacity to absorb and retain moisture. Furthermore, moisture will drain gradually from the media following a hydration cycle. The maximum media density measured in this procedure approaches the density at the theoretical saturation point.  
5.3 Existing methods for measuring the capillary-moisture relationship for soils (Test Method D2325) rely on sample preparation procedures (Test Methods D698) that are not consistent with the conditions associated with the placement of green roof media materials. This procedure is intended to provide a reproducible laboratory procedure for predicting the maximum media density, moisture content, air-filled porosity, and water permeability under conditions that more closely replicate field conditions on green roofs.  
5.4 The value of this test method to the green roof designer is that it provides an objective measure of maximum probable media density (under drained conditions) for estimating structural loads. It also provides a method for estimating the lower limit for the water permeability of the in-place media. This latter value is important when considering drainage conditions in green roofs. Finally, the maximum media water retention has been shown to be a useful indicator of the moisture retention properties of green roof media.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maximum dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled porosity, and the water permeability measured at the maximum media density.  
1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using the loss on ignition, as described in Test Methods E177, Test Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried sample prepared according to Test Methods E177, Test Method A.  
1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture content measured in this procedure applies to drained conditions near the saturation point.  
1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical percolation rates for water in green roofs.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method addresses performance characteristics for vegetative (green) roof systems with respect to the water permeability of the drainage media.  
5.1.1 Water permeability of coarse materials is highly influenced by the head conditions under which it is measured. In vegetative (green) roofs, coarse materials are frequently used to create drainage zones for percolated rainfall.  
5.1.2 This test method is intended to provide water permeability data that is relevant to this design condition that is characterized by horizontal flow under low-head. This will also allow the performance of granular drainage layers in vegetative (green) roof systems to be compared directly to alternative components, such as geocomposite drain layers.  
5.2 Determining the performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
5.3 Determining the performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the water permeability of coarse granular materials used in the drainage layers of vegetative (green) roof systems.  
1.2 This test method addresses water permeability under the low-head conditions that typify horizontal flow in vegetative (green) roof applications.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for coarse-grained materials with 100 % of the material retained on the U.S. #8 [2.25 mm] sieve. It is not suitable for finer-grained materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
5.1.1 Accurate information about the water and media holding capacity of geocomposite drain layers is essential to predict dead load for vegetative (green) roof systems.  
5.2 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to one another.  
5.2.1 Water capture is also useful in assessing irrigation requirements for vegetative (green) roof designs.  
5.2.2 Information about the unit media retention volume is required to predict the quantity of material that will be required to construct a vegetative (green) roof with a specified total thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water and media retention of synthetic drains layers used in vegetative (green) roof systems.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to geocomposite drain layers that retain water and media in cup-like receptacles on their upper surface. Examples include shaped plastic membranes and closed-cell plastic foam boards.  
1.3 This test method does not apply to products manufactured from water-absorptive materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice addresses performance characteristics for vegetative (green) roof systems with respect to the dead load and transient water load of the entire vegetative (green) roof system.  
5.2 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
5.3 Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure for predicting the system weight of a vegetative (green) roof system.  
1.2 The practice addresses the loads associated with vegetative (green) roof systems. Components that are typically encountered in vegetative (green) roof systems include: membranes, non-absorptive plastic sheet components, metallic layers, fabrics, geocomposite drain layers, synthetic reinforcing layers, cover/recover boards, insulation materials, growth media, granular drainage media, and plant materials.  
1.3 This practice also addresses the weight of the vegetative (green) roof system under two conditions: (1) weight under drained conditions after new water additions by rainfall or irrigation have ceased (this includes the weight of retained water and captured water), and (2) weight when rainfall or irrigation is actively occurring and the drain layer is completely filled with water. The first condition is considered the dead load of the vegetative (green) roof system. The difference in weight between the first and second conditions, approximated by the weight of transient water in the drain layer, is considered a live load.  
1.4 This practice does not address point or line loads associated with architectural elements that are not essential components of a particular vegetative (green) roof system. These architectural elements may include pavement, walls, and masonry, and so forth.  
1.5 This practice does not address live loads associated with construction activities.  
1.6 This practice does not address loads associated with snow or wind.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide addresses performance characteristics for green roof systems with respect to the planting. A rooftop is an extreme environment with strong and variable wind patterns and little or no protection from the sun’s intense heat and ultraviolet radiation. Selection of plant material can be crucial for success of the green roof system.  
5.1.1 This guide provides general guidance only. It is important to consult with a professional horticulturist, green roof consultant, or work with similar professionals that are knowledgeable, experienced, and acquainted with green roof technology and plants.  
5.2 Determining these performance characteristics of green roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
5.3 Determining these performance characteristics of green roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one green roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the considerations for the selection, installation, and maintenance of plants for green roof systems.  
1.2 This guide is applicable to both extensive and intensive green roof systems.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Intended Use—The intended use of this guide is to provide general information to practitioners in the fields of vegetative (green) roof design and construction. The guide encourages innovative but responsible vegetative (green) roof design, with a focus on performance and quality assurance. Numerical ranges, practical minimums, and benchmarks that are incorporated in the guide are intended for reference. Design requirements for specific projects vary and therefore qualified professionals may prepare designs with features that may vary from the recommendations contained in the guide. In all instances, vegetative (green) roof system designs shall conform to the applicable code requirements of Federal, State, Provincial or local agencies with jurisdiction.  
4.2 Users—Users of this guide include: planners, developers, architects, landscape architects, engineers, general contractors, subcontractors, owners, facility managers, financial organizations related to building industry, building materials and product manufacturers, government agencies including building officials, and other building professionals.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies terminology, principles and fundamental concepts including those related to sustainability, technical requirements of construction, and types of vegetative (green) roof systems used on buildings.  
1.2 The considerations for sustainable development relative to vegetative (green) roof systems are categorized as follows: environmental, social, and economic as consistent with Guide E2432. (See Appendix X1.)  
1.3 This guide discusses technical requirements for vegetative (green) roof systems pertaining to the following categories: plants, media, wind scour resistance, soil reinforcement, separation or filter layers, drain layers, water retention layers, protection layers, and root penetration barriers.  
1.4 This guide addresses intensive and extensive vegetative (green) roof systems for roofs up to 15 % slope. Roofing/waterproofing membranes and insulation are key components of vegetative (green) roof systems, but technical requirements regarding their role in such roof systems is beyond the scope of this guide.Note 1—ASTM Technical Committees E60 and C16 have jurisdiction over the development of standards for roofing/waterproofing membranes and insulations, respectively. Some of their existing standards may be helpful in the evaluation of membranes and insulation used in vegetative (green) roof systems. As these two committees develop standards for such roofs, this guide will be revised appropriately.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the quality and grading of expanded shale, clay and slate (ESCS) for use as a mineral component of growing media and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative (green) roof systems. ESCS is a lightweight, highly porous and low-density ceramic material produced by expanding and vitrifying select shale, clay or slate in a rotary kiln. The requirements are intended to cover only materials having normal or average gradation characteristics. This specification also describes the materials and manufacture, as well as physical and chemical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the quality and grading of the following materials for use as a mineral component of growing media and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative (green) roof systems. The requirements are intended to cover only materials having normal or average gradation characteristics. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for evaluating the performance nutrients associated with vegetative (green) roof growing media Where other materials are to be used, appropriate limits suitable to their use must be specified.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This standard offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method describes simple laboratory methods that provide reproducible measurements of critical media properties, and permit direct comparisons to be made between different media materials.
The density of mixed media materials will vary depending on the degree to which they are subjected to compaction and the length of time that the material is allowed to hydrate and subsequently drain. Most green roof media materials have a large capacity to absorb and retain moisture. Furthermore, moisture will drain gradually from the media following a hydration cycle. The maximum media density measured in this procedure approaches the density at the theoretical saturation point.  
Existing methods for measuring the capillary-moisture relationship for soils (Test Method D2325) rely on sample preparation procedures (Test Methods D698) that are not consistent with the conditions associated with the placement of green roof media materials. This procedure is intended to provide a reproducible laboratory procedure for predicting the maximum media density, moisture content, air-filled porosity, and water permeability under conditions that more closely replicate field conditions on green roofs.
The value of this test method to the green roof designer is that it provides an objective measure of maximum probable media density (under drained conditions) for estimating structural loads. It also provides a method for estimating the lower limit for the water permeability of the in-place media. This latter value is important when considering drainage conditions in green roofs. Finally, the maximum media water retention has been shown to be a useful indicator of the moisture retention properties of green roof media.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maximum dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled porosity, and the water permeability measured at the maximum media density.  
1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using the loss on ignition, as described in Test Methods E177, Test Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried sample prepared according to Test Methods E177, Test Method A.
1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture content measured in this procedure applies to drained conditions near the saturation point.
1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical percolation rates for water in green roofs.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.  
Accurate information about the water and media holding capacity of geocomposite drain layers is essential to predict dead load for vegetative (green) roof systems.
Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to one another.
Water capture is also useful in assessing irrigation requirements for vegetative (green) roof designs.
Information about the unit media retention volume is required to predict the quantity of material that will be required to construct a vegetative (green) roof with a specified total thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water and media retention of synthetic drains layers used in vegetative (green) roof systems.
1.2 This test method is applicable to geocomposite drain layers that retain water and media in cup-like receptacles on their upper surface. Examples include shaped plastic membranes and closed-cell plastic foam boards
1.3 This test method does not apply to products manufactured from water-absorptive materials.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method addresses performance characteristics for vegetative (green) roof systems with respect to the water permeability of the drainage media.
Water permeability of coarse materials is highly influenced by the head conditions under which it is measured. In vegetative (green) roofs, coarse materials are frequently used to create drainage zones for percolated rainfall.
This test method is intended to provide water permeability data that is relevant to this design condition that is characterized by horizontal flow under low-head. This will also allow the performance of granular drainage layers in vegetative (green) roof systems to be compared directly to alternative components, such as geocomposite drain layers.
Determining the performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.
Determining the performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the water permeability of coarse granular materials used in the drainage layers of vegetative (green) roof systems.
1.2 This test method addresses water permeability under the low-head conditions that typify horizontal flow in vegetative (green) roof applications.
1.3 This test method is suitable for coarse-grained materials with 100 % of the material retained on the U.S. #8 (2.25 mm) sieve. It is not suitable for finer-grained materials.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice addresses performance characteristics for vegetative (green) roof systems with respect to the dead load and transient water load of the entire vegetative (green) roof system.
Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.
Determining these performance characteristics of vegetative (green) roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one vegetative (green) roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure for predicting the system weight of a vegetative (green) roof system.
1.2 The practice addresses the loads associated with vegetative (green) roof systems. Components that are typically encountered in vegetative (green) roof systems include: membranes, non-absorptive plastic sheet components, metallic layers, fabrics, geocomposite drain layers, synthetic reinforcing layers, cover/recover boards, insulation materials, growth media, granular drainage media, and plant materials.
1.3 This practice also addresses the weight of the vegetative (green) roof system under two conditions: (1) weight under drained conditions after new water additions by rainfall or irrigation have ceased (this includes the weight of retained water and captured water), and (2) weight when rainfall or irrigation is actively occurring and the drain layer is completely filled with water. The first condition is considered the dead load of the vegetative (green) roof system. The difference in weight between the first and second conditions, approximated by the weight of transient water in the drain layer, is considered a live load.
1.4 This practice does not address point or line loads associated with architectural elements that are not essential components of a particular vegetative (green) roof system. These architectural elements may include pavement, walls, and masonry, and so forth.
1.5 This practice does not address live loads associated with construction activities.
1.6 This practice does not address loads associated with snow or wind.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide addresses performance characteristics for green roof systems with respect to the planting. A rooftop is an extreme environment with strong and variable wind patterns and little or no protection from the sun’s intense heat and ultraviolet radiation. Selection of plant material can be crucial for success of the green roof system.  
5.1.1 This guide provides general guidance only. It is important to consult with a professional horticulturist, green roof consultant, or work with similar professionals that are knowledgeable, experienced, and acquainted with green roof technology and plants.
Determining these performance characteristics of green roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment of engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety requirements.
Determining these performance characteristics of green roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of the performance of one green roof system relative to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the considerations for the selection, installation, and maintenance of plants for green roof systems.
1.2 This guide is applicable to both extensive and intensive green roof systems.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.