ASTM F1887-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ball coefficient of restitution is a ball dynamic property of relative velocity change caused by impact with a rigid wall.
5.2 This test method is suitable for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, and classifying balls by liveliness.
5.3 Sports associations can use coefficient of restitution standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs.
5.4 This same test procedure can be utilized at impact speeds other then that prescribed in this procedure and so noted in any reported test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This procedure is intended to standardize a method of measuring the coefficient of restitution (COR) of baseballs and softballs.
1.2 This procedure is established to provide a single, repeatable, and uniform test method.
1.3 This procedure is for a ball that is intended for use in the game of baseball or softball.
1.4 The test method is based on ball speed measurements before and after impact with either of two test surfaces: wood or metal.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1887 − 14 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs
1
and Softballs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the incoming speed of the ball before contact with a massive,
rigid, flat wall of either wood or metal.
1.1 This procedure is intended to standardize a method of
measuring the coefficient of restitution (COR) of baseballs and
4. Summary of Test Method
softballs.
4.1 Method A—The strike plate is a rigid metal surface, and
1.2 This procedure is established to provide a single,
ball speed is measured before and after impact with the strike
repeatable, and uniform test method.
plate.
1.3 This procedure is for a ball that is intended for use in the
4.2 Method B—The strike plate is a rigid wood surface, and
game of baseball or softball.
ball speed is measured before and after impact with the strike
1.4 The test method is based on ball speed measurements
plate.
before and after impact with either of two test surfaces: wood
or metal.
5. Significance and Use
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 The ball coefficient of restitution is a ball dynamic
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
property of relative velocity change caused by impact with a
only.
rigid wall.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 This test method is suitable for obtaining data in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
research and development, quality control, and classifying
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
balls by liveliness.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Sports associations can use coefficient of restitution
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 This same test procedure can be utilized at impact
speeds other then that prescribed in this procedure and so noted
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in any reported test results.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
6. Apparatus
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 6.1 Strike Plate, Method A:
6.1.1 Material, 5.08-cm (2-in.) thick steel.
3. Terminology
6.1.2 Size, 61 by 61 cm (24 by 24 in.).
6.1.3 Mounting, secured flush to a massive rigid wall of
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cinder block or concrete, minimally 20.3-cm (8-in.) thick, and
3.1.1 baseball and softball, n—any ball defined by the rules
bolted at all four corners sufficiently secure to prevent move-
for the game of baseball or softball.
ment during ball impact.
3.1.2 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n— a numerical value
6.2 Strike Plate, Method B:
determinedbytheexitspeedoftheballaftercontactdividedby
6.2.1 Material, 10.2-cm (4-in.) thick northern white ash
wood with moisture content between 10 and 15 % with a flat
smooth surface.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
6.2.2 Same as 6.1.2.
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment. 6.2.3 Same as 6.1.3.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originally
6.3 Ball Throwing Device—A ball throwing device capable
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1887 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/F1887-14. of delivering the ball through the electronic speed monitor at
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1887 − 14
FIG. 1 Test Apparatus
26.82 m/s (60 mph) with a maximum tolerance of 60.30 m/s. 8.1.2 Temperature is to be maintained at 72 6 4°F (22 6
The machine should be calibrated using the electronic speed 2°C).
monitor. 8.1.3 Relative humidity is to be maintained between 40 and
60 %.
6.4 Electronic Speed Monitors—An electronic ball speed
8.1.4 Temperature and relative humidity are to be measured
measuring system consisting of two vertical light screens
and recorded hourly within 60.5°F (60.3°C) and 62% RH
mounted 30.48 cm (12 in.) apart with a tolerance of 60.32 cm,
over conditioning and test duration.
and a photoelectric sensor located at each screen that triggers
a timing device on ball passage to measure the time for the ball
9. Procedure
to traverse the distance between the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1887 − 09 F1887 − 14 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs
1
and Softballs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This procedure is intended to standardize a method of measuring the coefficient of restitution (COR) of baseballs and
softballs.
1.2 This procedure is established to provide a single, repeatable, and uniform test method.
1.3 This procedure is for a ball that is intended for use in the game of baseball or softball.
1.4 The test method is based on ball speed measurements before and after impact with either of two test surfaces: wood or metal.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 baseball and softball, n—any ball defined by the rules for the game of baseball or softball.
3.1.2 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n— a numerical value determined by the exit speed of the ball after contact divided by
the incoming speed of the ball before contact with a massive, rigid, flat wall of either wood or metal.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Method A—The strike plate is a rigid metal surface, and ball speed is measured before and after impact with the strike plate.
4.2 Method B—The strike plate is a rigid wood surface, and ball speed is measured before and after impact with the strike plate.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The ball coefficient of restitution is a ball dynamic property of relative velocity change caused by impact with a rigid wall.
5.2 This test method is suitable for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, and classifying balls by
liveliness.
5.3 Sports associations can use coefficient of restitution standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs.
5.4 This same test procedure can be utilized at impact speeds other then that prescribed in this procedure and so noted in any
reported test results.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009May 1, 2014. Published June 2009June 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 as
F1887 – 02.F1887 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/F1887-09.10.1520/F1887-14.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1887 − 14
FIG. 1 Test Apparatus
6. Apparatus
6.1 Strike Plate, Method A:
6.1.1 Material, 5.08-cm (2-in.) thick steel.
6.1.2 Size, 61 by 61 cm (24 by 24 in.).
6.1.3 Mounting, secured flush to a massive rigid wall of cinder block or concrete, minimally 20.3-cm (8-in.) thick, and bolted
at all four corners sufficiently secure to prevent movement during ball impact.
6.2 Strike Plate, Method B:
6.2.1 Material, 10.2-cm (4-in.) thick northern white ash wood with moisture content between 10 and 15 % with a flat smooth
surface.
6.2.2 Same as 5.1.26.1.2.
6.2.3 Same as 5.1.36.1.3.
6.3 Ball Throwing DeviceDevice——A ball throwing device capable of delivering the ball through the electronic speed monitor
at 26.82 m/s (60 mph) with a maximum tolerance of 60.30 m/s. The machine should be calibrated using the electronic speed
monitor.
6.4 Electronic Speed MonitorsMonitors——An electronic ball speed measuring system consisting of two vertical light screens
mounted 30.48 cm (12 in.) apart with a tolerance of 60.32 cm, and a photoelectric sensor located at each screen that triggers a
timin
...
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