ASTM F2219-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
Standard Test Methods for Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory means to quantitatively compare the performance of baseball and softball bats.
4.2 Use of these test methods can provide quantitative metrics of bat performance.
SCOPE
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving the collision efficiency (ea), and calculating a batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball and softball bats of any construction or material. The test methods provide quantitative measures of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the requirements defined in this standard.
1.3 Bat performance is found in this standard assuming the bat is unconstrained.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2219 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Base-
balls and Softballs
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measur-
F2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and
ing the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving
Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat
the collision efficiency (e ), and calculating a batted-ball speed
a
F2845 Test Method for Measuring the Dynamic Stiffness
(BBS). It is applicable to baseball and softball bats of any
(DS) and Cylindrical Coefficient of Restitution (CCOR) of
construction or material. The test methods provide quantitative
Baseballs and Softballs
measures of bat dynamic performance that may be used for
comparison purposes.
3. Terminology
1.2 The BBCOR and BBS are each calculated from mea-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
surements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting
3.1.1 balance point (BP), n—distance to the center of mass
the requirements defined in this standard.
from the knob end of the bat.
1.3 Bat performance is found in this standard assuming the
3.1.2 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR), n—COR
bat is unconstrained.
of a specific ball colliding with a bat.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.3 batted ball speed (BBS), n—the speed that a ball
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
would be hit off a bat in play based on given pitch and bat
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
speeds.
and are not considered standard.
3.1.4 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—measure of impact
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
efficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects after
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
impact divided by the relative speed of the objects before
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
impact.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.5 collision effıciency (e ), n—ratio of ball exit speed to
a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the ball inbound speed.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.6 cylindrical coeffıcient of restitution (CCOR), n—the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ratio of the rebound to incoming speed of a ball impacting a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
solid rigid cylinder.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.7 dynamic stiffness (DS), n—a normalized measure of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the ball impact force having units of stiffness (lb/in. or kN/m).
It is obtained by dividing the square of the peak force between
2. Referenced Documents
the ball and impact surface by the ball mass and the square of
2
the incoming ball speed.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Resti-
3.1.8 moment of inertia (MOI), n—measure of mass distri-
tution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
bution relative to an axis of rotation. It is the product of the
mass multiplied by the square of the distance to the mass,
summed over the entire bat.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility
3.1.9 test sponsor, n—group, association or individual speci-
of Subcommittee F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment.
fying test requirements including ball specifications, perfor-
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
mance measure, and test speed.
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as F2219 – 14 (2022).
DOI: 10.1520/F2219-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory means to quanti-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tatively compare the performance of baseball and softball bats.
Copyright © ASTM International,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2219 − 14 (Reapproved 2022) F2219 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving the ball exit
speedcollision efficiency (e ratio (BESR), ), and calculating a batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball and softball bats
a
of any construction or material. The test methods provide quantitative measures of bat dynamic performance that may be used for
comparison purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR, BESR, BBCOR and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment
meeting the requirements defined in this standard.
1.3 Bat performance is found in this standard assuming the bat is unconstrained.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
F1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Baseballs and Softballs
F2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat
F2845 Test Method for Measuring the Dynamic Stiffness (DS) and Cylindrical Coefficient of Restitution (CCOR) of Baseballs
and Softballs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment.
Current edition approved May 1, 2022April 1, 2023. Published June 2022April 2023. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20142022 as
F2219 – 14.F2219 – 14 (2022). DOI: 10.1520/F2219-14R22.10.1520/F2219-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F2219 − 23
3.1.1 balance point (BP), n—distance to the center of mass from the knob end of the bat.
1
3.1.2 ball exit speed ratio (BESR), n—ratio of ball exit speed to the ball inbound speed plus ⁄2 .
3.1.2 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR), n—COR of a specific ball colliding with a bat.
3.1.3 batted ball speed (BBS), n—the speed that a ball would be hit off a bat in play based on given pitch and bat speeds.
3.1.4 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—measure of impact efficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects after impact
divided by the relative speed of the objects before impact.
3.1.5 collision effıciency (e ), n—ratio of ball exit speed to the ball inbound speed.
a
3.1.6 cylindrical coeffıcient of restitution (CCOR), n—the ratio of the rebound to incoming speed of a ball impacting a solid rigid
cylinder.
3.1.7 dynamic stiffness (DS), n—a normalized measure of the ball impact force having units of stiffness (lb/in. or kN/m). It is
obtained by dividing the square of the peak force between the ball and impact surface by the ball mass and the square of the
incoming ball speed.
3.1.8 moment of inertia
...
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