ASTM E2420-05
(Guide)Standard Guide for Post-Deactivation Surveillance and Maintenance of Radiologically Contaminated Facilities
Standard Guide for Post-Deactivation Surveillance and Maintenance of Radiologically Contaminated Facilities
SCOPE
1.1 This guide outlines a method for developing a Surveillance and Maintenance (SM) plan for inactive nuclear facilities. It describes the steps and activities necessary to prevent loss or release of radioactive or hazardous materials, and to minimize physical risks between the deactivation phase and the start of facility decontamination and decommissioning (DD).
1.2 The primary concerns for SM are related to (1) animal intrusion, (2) structural integrity degradation, (3) water in-leakage, (4) contamination migration, (5) unauthorized personnel entry, and (6) theft/intrusion. This document is intended to serve as a guide only, and is not intended to modify existing regulations.
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Designation:E2420–05
Standard Guide for
Post-Deactivation Surveillance and Maintenance of
Radiologically Contaminated Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2420; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope hazardousmaterialstolevelsthatpermitreleaseoftheproperty
or facility for unrestricted use and termination of any appli-
1.1 This guide outlines a method for developing a Surveil-
cable license(s).
lance and Maintenance (S&M) plan for inactive nuclear
3.1.3 decontamination—thoseactivitiesemployedtoreduce
facilities. It describes the steps and activities necessary to
the levels of radioactive and hazardous contamination in or on
prevent loss or release of radioactive or hazardous materials,
structures, equipment, and materials.
and to minimize physical risks between the deactivation phase
3.1.4 nuclear facility—a facility whose operations involve
and the start of facility decontamination and decommissioning
(or involved) radioactive materials in such form or quantity
(D&D).
that radiological controls are (or were) required to protect
1.2 The primary concerns for S&M are related to (1) animal
employees, the environment, or the general public.
intrusion, (2) structural integrity degradation, (3) water in-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Included are facilities that are (or
leakage, (4) contamination migration, (5) unauthorized person-
were) used to produce, process, use, or store radioactive
nel entry, and (6) theft/intrusion. This document is intended to
materials. Some examples are nuclear reactors (power, test, or
serve as a guide only, and is not intended to modify existing
research), fuel fabrication plants, fuel reprocessing plants,
regulations.
uranium/thorium mills, Uranium Hexaflouride (UF-6) produc-
2. Referenced Documents tion and enrichment plants, research laboratories using radio-
activematerials,chemicalprocessingfacilities,andradioactive
2.1 ASTM Standards:
waste disposal sites.
E1893 Guide for Selection and Use of Portable Radiologi-
3.1.5 standby—a condition in which a nuclear facility has
calSurveyInstrumentsforPerformingInSituRadiological
beendeactivated,butinsuchawaythatitcouldberestartedfor
Assessments to Support Unrestricted Release from Further
its original purpose.
Regulatory Controls
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Critical systems are maintained in
3. Terminology
working order with regularly scheduled maintenance activities
performed. Surveillance and Maintenance (S&M) require-
3.1 Definitions:
ments for facilities placed in standby are much more demand-
3.1.1 deactivation—to remove a facility from service. De-
ing than for those which are deactivated for planned decom-
activation means the facility is placed in a safe and stable
missioning. Operations procedures are usually maintained for
condition.
facilities placed in standby.
3.1.2 decommission—to remove a nuclear facility safely
3.1.6 S&M—the act of performing periodic inspections, and
from service and reduce residual radioactivity and other
related maintenance activities on facilities which have been
deactivated and are awaiting the start of decommissioning.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4. Significance and Use
E10.03 on Radiological Protection for Decontamination and Decommissioning of
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user
Nuclear Facilities and Components.
Current edition approved January 1, 2005. Published February 2005. DOI:
information and guidance for preparation of a plan for the
10.1520/E2420-05.
surveillance and maintenance of nuclear facilities that have
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
been deactivated and are awaiting D&D.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2420–05
4.1.1 This document provides guidance for performing 6.3 All Occupational Safety and Health Administration
S&M in a way that will ensure worker and public safety, while (OSHA) requirements applicable to performing S&M work in
the facility must be identified and hazards mitigated as neces-
also addressing stakeholder requirements.
sary.
4.1.2 Use of this guide helps standardize the basic require-
6.4 Prior to implementation of the S&M plan, any facility
ments for S&M of nuclear facilities.
modificationsnecessarytosupporttheplanmustbecompleted.
4.2 Use of this guide helps ensure that the S&M plan
Thismayincludeinitialdecontaminationforhazardmitigation.
addresses the significant activities and actions necessary to
6.5 Identify all applicable regulations and regulatory au-
maintainthesefacilitiesinasafeandstableconditionuntilthey
thorities associated with the facilities. Discussions with appro-
can be decommissioned.
priate regulators should be conducted early in the development
of the plan.
5. Key Elements in S&M Planning
6.6 Performance criteria associated with S&M activities
5.1 One of the key elements of post-deactivation S&M should be identified and established prior to preparing the plan.
planning is determining the end point condition of the facility Examples of performance criteria include: length of the S&M
so that S&M activities can be established to support those period, estimated contaminant stability, intrusion areas, etc.
The condition of the facility during the S&M phase should be
conditions. While performing end point planning, a review of
specified and described.
all possible endpoints for the facility should be made. Deci-
sions made at the initial determination of the deactivated
7. Typical S&M Plan Contents
facility may, at a much later date, be changed. Thus a review
and analysis of various re-determinations of the facility end NOTE 1—The contents of an S&M plan will vary in scope and content
from project to project. It should be tailored to fit the requirements of the
point, and the accompanying actions and data needs could
individual project or facility and be commensurate with the hazards
prove very useful at some time in the future of the facility. The
present. The following are brief descriptions of the contents or sections of
S&M plan specifies the surveillance, inspection, and mainte-
a typical S&M plan.
nance of the facility in the deactivated state and should specify
7.1 Introduction—Describe the deactivated condition of the
the locations, frequency, and manner in which they will be
facility and list the buildings that are the subject of the S&M
conducted.
plan. Provide a sketch or photograph to indicate the scope of
5.2 Part of S&M planning is deciding which spaces must
the facility. Indicate any unusual situations, such as portions of
remain accessible and which equipment must be maintained
a building that may remain operational. State the overall
operable during post deactivation and D&D activities. This
objectives of the intended S&M. Indicate proximity to neigh-
may be necessary to meet commitments to stakeholders and
boring businesses, structures, transportation (trains, roadways,
should be agreed upon by the organization that will perform
airports) and waterways.
S&M activities. The post-deactivation condition of the facility
7.2 Purpose—State the specific objectives of the facility
will determine S&M requirements.
surveillance and maintenance phase. Objectives can relate to
5.3 To avoid incompatibilities between end-point require-
contaminationcontrol,physicalsecurity,hazardisolation,pres-
ments and S&M costs, it is important that the S&M plan be
ervation of economic assets, and others. The planned level of
written early in deactivation planning of the facility.
effort to conduct S&M should also be stated.
5.4 Another important reason for early preparation of the 7.3 Background—A background section is appropriate if
S&Mplanisthatpeoplewhohaveoperatedandmaintainedthe this information might affect the S&M plan, that is, the safety
facilityhaveconsiderableknowledgeinthepastfacilityhistory classification of the facility. It is acceptable to reference other
and can assist in recommending activities to ready the facility documents to provide background information.
7.4 Regulatory Compliance—Describe how regulations ap-
for S&M. Thus, developing the plan should be a cooperative
plicable to the specific facility configuration and conditions as
effort between the deactivation organization and the owner, or
well as any special agreements with the State or other
organization responsible for the facility.
regulatory bodies are to be addressed during S&M. All
5.5 An attempt should be made to include all identified
applicable rules, regulations, permit, or licenses should be
stakeholders in the decision-making process for the facility.
noted in the S&M plan.
This should include not only S&M actions while the facility is
7.5 Description of Surveillance and Maintenance
shut down, but end point decisions with respect to the long
Activities—This section should address eight key areas of
term status and final state of the facility.
surveillance and maintenance necessary to maintain deacti-
vated facilities. This is the main part of the S&M plan and is
6. Prerequisites
likely to be the most extensive.
6.1 TheS&Mplancoversthatportionofthelifeofafacility
7.5.1 Facility Operations—This section should address all
between deactivation and decommissioning. Prerequisites are
equipment or systems that must remain operational during
those activities which must be performed during deactivation.
S&M, such as heating and ventilation, fire suppression, and
6.2 Prior to preparing the S&M plan, the facility must be
alarm systems. It must comply with Conduct of Operations
deactivated and a detailed characterization performed to iden- procedures at the site if applicable.
tify the actual physical, r
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