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ASTM D2646-96

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings

Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures listed as follows for testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing fabrics designed for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor coverings.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in inch-pound units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents. In case of referee decisions, the SI units will prevail.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-1996
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.21 - Pile Floor Coverings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2646-02 - Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7983-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Carpet Backing Fabrics
Effective Date
10-Feb-1996
Referred By
ASTM D6719-22e1 - Standard Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Pile Yarn Floor Covering
Effective Date
10-Feb-1996
Referred By
ASTM D5684-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
Effective Date
10-Feb-1996

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ASTM D2646-96 - Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2646 – 96
Standard Test Methods for
1
Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2646; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 5034 Test Methods for Breaking Force and Elongation of
4
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures listed as
4
D 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Yarn Floor Covering
follows for testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing
fabrics designed for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor
3. Terminology
coverings. The procedures appear in the following order:
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer
Section
to Terminologies D 123 and D 5684.
Bow and Skewness of Woven Fabrics 8
Breaking Force of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 15
4. Summary of Test Methods, General
Breaking Force After Tufting of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 16
4.1 A summary of the directions prescribed for the determi-
Extractable Matter 9
Fabric Count of Woven Fabrics 12
nation of specific properties is stated in the appropriate sections
Fabric Count of Knitted Fabrics 13
of specific test methods.
Length of Woven Fabrics 11
Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics 14
5. Significance and Use
Shrinkage—Hot Wet Method 17
Shrinkage—Hot Dry Method 18
5.1 These test methods may be used for acceptance testing
Width of Woven Fabrics 10
of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised since
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
information about between interlaboratory precision is incom-
standard. The values in inch-pound units are provided as
plete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
information only and are not exact equivalents. In case of
5.1.1 In a case of a dispute from differences in reported test
referee decisions, the SI units will prevail.
results when using these test methods for acceptance testing of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assis-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-
mens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot
2. Referenced Documents
of material of the type in question. Test specimens then should
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be
3
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
compared using the appropriate Students t-test and an accept-
2
D 2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
able probability level chosen by the two parties before testing
4
D 3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and
4
D 3774 Test Methods for Width of Woven Fabrics
corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to
4
D 3775 Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven Fabric
interpret future test results with consideration to the known
D 3776 Test Methods for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of
bias.
4
Woven Fabric
5.2 These test methods are useful to evaluate quality and
D 3882 Test Method for Bow and Skewness in Woven and
cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering.
4
Knitted Fabrics
5.3 The significance and uses of particular properties and
4
D 3887 Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics
test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the
specified test methods.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on
6. Sampling
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Yarn Floor
Covering.
6.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1996. Published April 1996. Originally
take at random the number of rolls or pieces, as directed in an
published as D 2646 – 67 T. Last previous edition D 2646 – 87.
2 applicable material specification or other agreement between
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls or pieces of
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshoh
...

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of end (warp) and pick (filling) count and is applicable to all types of woven fabrics.  
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1.2.1 Throughout this document, there will be some instances in which the units do not convert 1:1. This is to acknowledge that this is a global document and that different parts of the world use different units of measurement. Organizations using the metric system wil report the count per 1 cm. Organizations using the English system will report the count per 1 in.  
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4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. (A) See Note 3.  
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
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1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
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5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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    English language
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off