ASTM E411-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of trace amounts of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solutions and a wide variety of organic solvents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbonyl in the range from 0.5 to 50 μg calculated as CO.
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not include steps for sample preparation.
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test are also determined.
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative procedure.
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured within a specified period.
Note 1: Other test methods for the determination of traces of carbonyl compounds are given in Test Methods D1089, D1612, D2119, and D2191.
1.6 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and Section 8.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E411 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-
1
Dinitrophenylhydrazine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total
2.1 ASTM Standards:
carbonyl in the range from 0.5 to 50 µg calculated as CO.
D1089Method of Test for Carbonyl Content of Butadiene
3
(Withdrawn 1984)
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
include steps for sample preparation.
D1612Test Method for Acetone in Methanol (Withdrawn
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test
3
2011)
are also determined.
D2119Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are
D2191Test Method for Acetaldehyde Content of Vinyl
easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative proce-
Acetate
dure.
E60Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
Materials by Spectrophotometry
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured
within a specified period. E180Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
NOTE1—Othertestmethodsforthedeterminationoftracesofcarbonyl
3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
compoundsaregiveninTestMethodsD1089,D1612,D2119,andD2191.
E300Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
1.6 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets
(SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid
3. Summary of Test Method
procedures, and safety precautions.
3.1 The sample containing traces of carbonyl compounds is
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
reacted with an acidic solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
to form the hydrazone which, upon reaction with potassium
standard.
hydroxide, forms a wine-red color, presumably due to a
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
resonating quinoidal ion. The intensity of the red color, which
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is a function of the carbonyl concentration, is determined
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
photometrically and the amount of carbonyl is read directly
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
from a previously prepared calibration curve.This test method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
4
is based upon the work of Lappin and Clark.
statements are given in Section 7 and Section 8.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
trace amounts of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solutions
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and a wide variety of organic solvents.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
bility of Subcommittee D16.15 on Industrial and Specialty General Standards. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 15, 2017. Published April 2017. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E411–12. DOI: www.astm.org.
4
10.1520/E0411-17. Lappin, G. R., and Clark, L. C., Analytical Chemistry, Vol 23, 1951, p. 541.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E411 − 17
5. Interferences Continue the distillation until approximately 75% of the
methanol has distilled over.
5.1 This test method has been found to be relatively free
7.3.1 Warning—Do not allow the pot to begin to go dry
from interferences. It is necessary, however, to test a sample to
because there is danger of a violent decomposition of the
ensure that it does not interfere.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E411 − 12 E411 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-
1
Dinitrophenylhydrazine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbonyl in the range from 0.5 to 50 μg calculated as CO.
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not include steps for sample preparation.
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test are also determined.
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative procedure.
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured within a specified period.
NOTE 1—Other test methods for the determination of traces of carbonyl compounds are given in Test Methods D1089, D1612, D2119, and D2191.
1.6 Review the current appropriate Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)(SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first
aid procedures, and safety precautions.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Note 4Section 7 and Section 8.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D1089 Method of Test for Carbonyl Content of Butadiene (Withdrawn 1984)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3
D1612 Test Method for Acetone in Methanol (Withdrawn 2011)
D2119 Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer
D2191 Test Method for Acetaldehyde Content of Vinyl Acetate
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample containing traces of carbonyl compounds is reacted with an acidic solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to
form the hydrazone which, upon reaction with potassium hydroxide, forms a wine-red color, presumably due to a resonating
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D16.15 on Industrial and Specialty General Standards.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012April 15, 2017. Published June 2012April 2017. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 as
E411 – 05.E411 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/E0411-12.10.1520/E0411-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E411 − 17
quinoidal ion. The intensity of the red color, which is a function of the carbonyl concentration, is determined photometrically and
the amount of carbonyl is read directly from a previously prepared calibration curve. This test method is based upon the work of
4
Lappin and Clark.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of trace amounts of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solutions and a
wide variety of organic solvents.
5. Interferences
5.1 This test method has been fo
...
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