ASTM E411-17a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of trace amounts of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solutions and a wide variety of organic solvents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbonyl in the range from 0.5 to 50 μg calculated as CO.
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not include steps for sample preparation.
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test are also determined.
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative procedure.
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured within a specified period.
Note 1: Other test methods for the determination of traces of carbonyl compounds are given in Test Methods D1089, D1612, D2119, and D2191.
1.6 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and Section 8.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E411 − 17a
Standard Test Method for
Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-
1
Dinitrophenylhydrazine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total 2.1 ASTM Standards:
carbonyl in the range from 0.5 to 50 µg calculated as CO. D1089Method of Test for Carbonyl Content of Butadiene
3
(Withdrawn 1984)
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
include steps for sample preparation.
D1612Test Method for Acetone in Methanol (Withdrawn
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test 3
2011)
are also determined.
D2119Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer
3
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are (Withdrawn 2018)
D2191Test Method for Acetaldehyde Content of Vinyl
easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative proce-
dure. Acetate
D6809Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-
within a specified period.
terials
NOTE1—Othertestmethodsforthedeterminationoftracesofcarbonyl
E60Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
compoundsaregiveninTestMethodsD1089,D1612,D2119,andD2191.
Materials by Spectrophotometry
1.6 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets
E180Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
(SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
3
procedures, and safety precautions.
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
E300Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Summary of Test Method
standard.
3.1 The sample containing traces of carbonyl compounds is
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reacted with an acidic solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to form the hydrazone which, upon reaction with potassium
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
hydroxide, forms a wine-red color, presumably due to a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
resonating quinoidal ion. The intensity of the red color, which
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is a function of the carbonyl concentration, is determined
Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and Section
photometrically and the amount of carbonyl is read directly
8.
from a previously prepared calibration curve.This test method
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor- 4
is based upon the work of Lappin and Clark.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
trace amounts of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solutions
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and a wide variety of organic solvents.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
bility of Subcommittee D16.04 on Instrumental Analysis. the ASTM website.
3
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
in1970.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2017asE411–17.DOI:10.1520/E0411- www.astm.org.
4
17a. Lappin, G. R., and Clark, L. C., Analytical Chemistry, Vol 23, 1951, p. 541.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E411 − 17a
5. Interferences Continue the distillation until approximately 75% of the
methanol has distilled over.
5.1 T
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E411 − 17 E411 − 17a
Standard Test Method for
Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-
1
Dinitrophenylhydrazine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbonyl in the range from 0.5 to 50 μg calculated as CO.
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not include steps for sample preparation.
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test are also determined.
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative procedure.
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured within a specified period.
NOTE 1—Other test methods for the determination of traces of carbonyl compounds are given in Test Methods D1089, D1612, D2119, and D2191.
1.6 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures,
and safety precautions.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and Section 8.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D1089 Method of Test for Carbonyl Content of Butadiene (Withdrawn 1984)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3
D1612 Test Method for Acetone in Methanol (Withdrawn 2011)
D2119 Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer
D2191 Test Method for Acetaldehyde Content of Vinyl Acetate
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample containing traces of carbonyl compounds is reacted with an acidic solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to
form the hydrazone which, upon reaction with potassium hydroxide, forms a wine-red color, presumably due to a resonating
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D16.15 on Industrial and Specialty General Standards.
Current edition approved April 15, 2017July 1, 2017. Published April 2017July 2017. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
E411 – 12.E411 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E0411-17.10.1520/E0411-17a.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E411 − 17a
quinoidal ion. The intensity of the red color, which is a function of the carbonyl concentration, is determined photometrically and
the amount of carbonyl is read directly from a previously prepared calibration curve. This test method is based upon the work of
4
Lappin and Clark.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of trace amounts of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solutions and a
wide variet
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.