ASTM B824-96
(Specification)Standard Specification for General Requirements for Copper Alloy Castings
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Copper Alloy Castings
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes a group of general requirements common to ASTM copper alloy casting specifications B22, B61, B62, B66, B67, B148, B176, B271, B369, B427, B505, B584, B763, B770, and B806. These requirements apply to the casting specifications to the extent referenced therein. In the event of conflict between this specification and a casting specification, the requirements of the casting specification shall take precedence.
1.2 The chemical composition and other requirements not included in this specification shall be prescribed in the casting specifications.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the metal in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of castings and those of a test bar casting from the same metal. (See Appendix X1.)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 824 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
General Requirements for Copper Alloy Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * B 208 Practice for Preparing Tension Test Specimens for
Copper-Base Alloys for Sand, Permanent Mold, Centrifu-
1.1 This specification establishes a group of general require-
gal, and Continuous Castings
ments common to ASTM copper alloy casting specifications
B 271 Specification for Copper-Base Alloy Centrifugal
B 22, B 61, B 62, B 66, B 67, B 148, B 176, B 271, B 369,
Castings
B 427, B 505, B 584, B 763, B 770, and B 806. These require-
B 369 Specification for Copper-Nickel Alloy Castings
ments apply to the casting specifications to the extent refer-
B 427 Specification for Gear Bronze Alloy Castings
enced therein. In the event of conflict between this specifica-
B 505 Specification for Copper-Base Alloy Continuous
tion and a casting specification, the requirements of the casting
Castings
specification shall take precedence.
B 584 Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for
1.2 The chemical composition and other requirements not
General Applications
included in this specification shall be prescribed in the casting
B 763 Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for
specifications.
Valve Application
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard.
B 770 Specification for Copper-Beryllium Alloy Sand Cast-
SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
ings for General Applications
1.4 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-
B 806 Specification for Copper Alloy Permanent Mold
tween the properties of the metal in various locations of the
Castings for General Applications
same casting or between the properties of castings and those of
2 E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
a test bar casting from the same metal. (See Appendix X1.)
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
2. Referenced Documents Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 44 Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment of
2.1 The following documents, of the issue in effect on date
Metals
of casting purchase, form, part of this specification to the extent
E 54 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Special
referenced herein:
Brasses and Bronzes
2.2 ASTM Standards:
E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and
B 22 Specification for Bronze Castings for Bridges and
Copper Alloys (Photometric Method)
Turntables
E 76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper
B 61 Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze Castings
Alloys
B 62 Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal
E 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
Castings
Alloys
B 66 Specification for Bronze Castings for Steam Locomo-
E 581 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Manganese-
tive Wearing Parts
Copper Alloys
B 67 Specification for Car and Tender Journal Bearings,
Lined
3. Terminology
B 148 Specification for Aluminum-Bronze Sand Castings
3.1 Definitions:
B 176 Specification for Copper-Alloy Die Castings
3.1.1 casting, n—a general term for a metal object produced
B 194 Specification for Copper-Beryllium Alloy Plate,
at or near finished shape by pouring or otherwise introducing
Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
molten metal into a mold and allowing it to solidify.
3.1.2 casting, centrifugal, n—a casting produced in a cylin-
drical mold rotating on its axis with the major axis of the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-5 on Copper
product coinciding with the axis of rotation. The axis of
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.05 on
Castings and Ingots for Remelting.
Current edition approved Sept. 10. 1996. Published November 1996. Originally
published as B 824 – 92. Last previous edition B 824 – 95a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
2 5
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code application see related specification Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
in Section II of that code. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 824
rotation may be horizontal, vertical, or any angle in between. criteria shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
3.1.3 casting, centrifuged, n—a casting produced in a mold, purchaser.
a number of which may be mounted around a central sprue. 7.2 When specified in the purchase order, castings shall
The molds are rotated, in a vertical position, about a central meet soundness standards furnished or referenced by the
axis concentric with the central sprue. purchaser. In the absence of standards for soundness, the
3.1.4 casting, continuous, n—a casting produced by the requirement shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer
continuous pouring and solidification of molten metal through and the purchaser.
a water-cooled mold that determines the cross-sectional shape.
8. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
The length of the product is not restricted by mold dimensions.
8.1 The manufacturer shall be responsible for the dimen-
3.1.5 casting, die, n—a casting produced in a reusable metal
mold (die) characterized by a high degree of fidelity to the sional accuracy of the castings as related to the drawing when
the pattern equipment is produced by the manufacturer.
mold cavity with the molten metal being introduced under high
pressure. 8.2 When the pattern equipment is provided by the pur-
chaser, the manufacturer shall be responsible for the dimen-
3.1.6 casting, lost wax, n—a casting produced in a sacrifi-
cial mold made of various layers and grades of refractory sional accuracy of the casting as related to the provided pattern
equipment.
powders and washes having been invested about a wax pattern.
The casting is characterized by a high degree of fidelity to the 8.3 Where thick and thin sections of the casting join, the
manufacturer shall be permitted to add fillets of adequate size,
original pattern.
3.1.7 casting, plaster mold, n—a casting produced in a where not previously provided, subject to approval of the
sacrificial mold made of various grades of fine plaster-like purchaser.
material and having a high degree of fidelity to the original
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
pattern.
9.1 The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering sand,
3.1.8 casting, permanent mold, n—a product produced in a
cracks, and hot tears. Other surface discontinuities shall meet
reusable mold constructed of a durable material, usually iron or
visual acceptance standards agreed upon between the manu-
steel, with the molten metal being introduced by gravity, low
facturer and the purchaser.
pressure, or vacuum.
3.1.9 casting, sand, n—a casting produced in a sacrificial
10. Sampling
sand mold. The sand may be bonded by various mechanical or
10.1 Lot:
chemical means.
10.1.1 A lot shall consist of: (1) all of the metal poured from
3.1.10 casting, semicentrifugal, n—a casting produced in a
a single furnace or crucible melt, or (2) all the metal poured
manner similar to the centrifugal casting except that a central
from two or more furnaces into a single ladle, or (3) all of the
core is used to allow the formation of other than a cylindrical
metal poured from a continuous melting furnace between
inside surface. The axis of rotation is always vertical.
charges, or (4) all of the metal poured from an individual
4. Materials and Manufacture
melting furnace or group of melting furnaces having a uniform
4.1 Manufacture:
melting stock, operating during the course of one-half shift, not
4.1.1 Mechanical properties of Copper Alloy UNS Nos.
to exceed 5 h.
C94700, C95300, C95400, C95410, C95500, C95520, and
10.1.2 The sample for chemical analysis shall be obtained
C96800 can be changed by heat treatment. Suggested heat
during the pouring of the lot in such a manner as to be
treatments are given in the casting specifications containing
representative of the lot.
these alloys.
10.1.3 Tension test bars used in meeting the requirements of
4.1.2 Definitions of terms relating to heat treating are given
6.1 may be either separately cast or removed from the casting.
in Definitions E 44.
When tension test bars are separately cast, they shall be poured
from the same lot as the castings represented to the form and
5. Chemical Composition
dimensions specified in the casting specification and Practice
5.1 The casting material shall conform to the chemical
B 208.
requirements of the casting specification.
10.1.3.1 When the requirements of 6.1 have been complied
5.2 These specification limits do not preclude the presence
with using separately cast test bars, additional tests may be
of other elements. Limits may be established and analysis
performed using test bars removed from the casting with test
required for unnamed elements by agreement between the
bar location and mechanical properties agreed upon between
manufacturer and the purchaser.
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
6. Mechanical Properties
11. Number of Tests and Retests
6.1 When tension testing is required by the casting specifi-
11.1 Tests:
cation, the results shall conform to the requirements of that
11.1.1 A chemical analysis of each element with a specified
specification.
limiting value shall be made on each lot. Chemical analysis for
7. Other Requirements
residual elements is not required unless specified in the
7.1 When specified in the purchase order, castings shall be purchase order.
hydrostatically tested. The details of the test and acceptance 11.1.2 One tension test shall be performed on each lot.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 824
TABLE 1 Referee Chemical Analytical Methods
11.1.3 Should the percent elongation of any tensile test
specimen be less than that specified and any part of the fracture Element Range or % max Test Methods
is outside the middle two-thirds of the gage length or in a
Aluminum (Al) 0.005–13.5 E 478
Antimony (Sb) 0.05-0.70 E 62
punched or scribed mark within the reduced section, the
Arsenic (As) 0.0-0.50 E 62
specimen may be discarded and replaced by another from the
Carbon (C) 0.0-0.50 E 76
same lot.
Copper (Cu) 50.0-99.75 E 478
Iron (Fe) 0.003-1.25 E 478
11.1.4 If the result of any test fails to conform to the
0.0-5.0 E54
specified requirements, two retests shall be performed. If either
Lead Pb) 0.002-15.0 E 478; Atomic
retest fails to meet the specified requirements, the lot shall be
2.0-30.0 Absorption
E 478; Titrimetric
rejected.
Manganese (Mn) 0.10-12.0 E62
11.2 Retests:
12.0-23.0 E 581
11.2.1 When requested by the manufacturer, a retest shall be Nickel (Ni) 0.0-5.0 E 478; Photometric
(incl Colbalt (Co))
permitted when test results obtained by the purchaser fail to
Phosphorus (P) 0.01-1.0 E 62
conform to the casting specification requirements.
Silicon (Si) 0.005-5.50 E 54;
11.2.2 Retesting shall be as prescribed in the casting speci-
Perchloric Acid
Dehydration
fication for the initial test except for the number of test
Sulfur (S) 0.05-0.08 E 76: Direct
specimens which shall be twice that normally required for the
Combustion
test. Test results for all specimens shall comply with the casting Tin (Sn) 0.01-1.0 E 478; Photometric
0.50-20.0 E 478; Titrimetric
specification requirements. Failure to comply shall be cause for
Zinc (Zn) 0.02-2.0 E 478; Atomic
rejection.
2.0-40.0 Absorption
E 478; Titrimetric
12. Specimen Preparation
specified limits for chemical composition and mechanical
12.1 The specimen for chemical analysis shall be taken
properties, an observed or calculated value shall be rounded as
from the lot in such a manner as to avoid contamination and be
indicated in accordance with the Rounding-Off method of
representative of the molten metal.
Practice E 29.
12.2 Tension test specimens shall be prepared in accordance
Property Rounded Limit for Observed or
with Practice B 208.
Calculated Value
12.2.1 Should any specimen be machined improperly or
should flaws be revealed by machining or during testing, the
Chemical composition nearest unit in the last right-hand
significance digit used in expressing
specimen may be discarded and replaced by another from the
the limiting value
same lot.
Tensile strength nearest ksi (5 MPa)
Yield strength nearest ksi (5 MPa)
13. Test Methods
Elongation 5 % and over nearest 1 %
13.1 Chemical Composition:
15. Inspection
13.1.1 The chemical analysis methods used for the routine
15.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and make tests neces-
determination of specification compliance and preparation of
sary to verify that the product furnished conforms to the
test reports shall be at the discretion of the laboratory perform-
specified requirements.
ing the analysis.
15.2 The purchaser may have a representative inspect or
13.1.2 In case of disagreement on chemical composition,
witness the inspection and testing of the material prior to
referee analytical methods for copper alloys other than copper-
shipment. Such an arrangement shall be made by the purchaser
beryllium alloys (Specification B 770) are given in Table 1.
and the manufacturer as part of the purchase order. When such
Referee analytical methods for copper-beryllium alloys are
inspection or witness of inspection and testing is agreed upon,
given in the Annex of Specification B 194.
the manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s representative all
13.1.3 The determination of magnesium, niobium, zirco-
reasonable facilities necessary to confirm that the product
nium, and titanium, for which no recognized test method is
meets the requirements of the purchase order. The purchaser’s
known to be published, shall be subject to agreement between
inspection and tests shall be conducted in such a manner that
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
they will not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s
13.1.4 Analytical methods for elements whose ranges are
operation.
beyond those given in Table 1 shall be s
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