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ASTM D4970-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester. The procedure generally is applicable to all types of fabrics, being particularly suitable for woven fabrics.
Note 1—For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D 3511, D 3512, and D 3514.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for fabrics thicker than 3 mm (0.125 in.) because such fabrics cannot be mounted in the specimen holder.
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2005
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4970-02 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)
Effective Date
01-Sep-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D4970-05(2007)e1 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007

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ASTM D4970-05 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)ASTM D4970-05 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)
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ASTM D4970-05 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4970–05
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4970; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3514 Test Method for Resistance of Apparel Fabrics to
Pilling (Elastomeric Pad Method)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
tancetotheformationofpillsandotherrelatedsurfacechanges
3. Terminology
on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester. The procedure
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other textile terms used
generally is applicable to all types of fabrics, being particularly
in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
suitable for woven fabrics.
3.2 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 1—For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles,
3.2.1 cycle, n—in the Martindale tester, the sixteen move-
refer to Test Methods D 3511, D 3512, and D 3514.
ments required to complete one Lissajous figure.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for fabrics thicker than
3.2.2 fuzz, n—untangled fiber ends that protrude from the
3 mm (0.125 in.) because such fabrics cannot be mounted in
surface of a yarn or fabric.
the specimen holder.
3.2.3 movement, n—one rotation of the outer gearing of the
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before
Martindale tester.
testing.
3.2.4 pilling resistance, n—resistance to formation of pills
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
on the surface of a textile fabric.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
3.2.5 pills, n—bunches or balls of tangled fibers, which are
information only.
held to the surface of a fabric by one or more fibers.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.1 Pilling and other changes in the surface appearance,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- such as fuzzing, that occur in normal wear are simulated on a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
laboratory testing machine. Fabrics are mounted on the Mar-
tindale Tester, and the face of the test specimen is rubbed
2. Referenced Documents
against the face of the same mounted fabric in the form of a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
geometric figure, that is, a straight line, which becomes a
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
gradually widening ellipse, until it forms another straight line
D 3511 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
in the opposite direction and traces the same figure again under
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling
light pressure for a specific number of movements. The degree
Tester
of fabric pilling or surface appearance change produced by this
D 3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
action is evaluated by comparison of the tested specimen with
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble
visual standards that may be actual fabrics, or photographs of
Pilling Tester Method
fabrics, showing a range of pilling resistance. The observed
resistance to pilling is reported using an arbitrary rating scale.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles 5. Significance and Use
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics
Specific.
resistancetopillingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 4970 – 02.
If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. shipmentofoneormorespecificmaterialsbythebestavailable
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4970–05
methodeventhoughthemethodhasnotbeenrecommendedfor of the type in question. The test specimens then should be
acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recom- assigned randomly in equal numbers
...

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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    English language
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off