ASTM D4705-18

Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen. Tanners and leather buyers have found that this test gives an indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of particular value in estimating the durability of leather to withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of shoes, garments, and upholstered products. The thickness of the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the uniformity of the test results. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is particularly applicable to lightweight leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2018
• ICS: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.07 - Physical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4705 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Tanners and leather buyers have found that this test gives an
indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the
particular value in estimating the durability of leather to
stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is
withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of
particularly applicable to lightweight leathers.This test method
shoes, garments, and upholstered products. The thickness of
does not apply to wet blue.
the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
affect the uniformity of the test results. This test method may
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
widely from those specified in the test method.
and are not considered standard.
4. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 ThicknessGage, a dead weight type of thickness gage as
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
described in Method D1813.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 Steel Die, to cut test specimens (as described in 5.1).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.4 Paper Clip, Smooth, with wire diameter 0.041 6 0.002
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
in. (1.04 6 0.05 mm).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Sampling Test Specimen
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, sample the leather according
2. Referenced Documents to Practice D2813.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.2 The specimen shall be a rectangle of leather 2 in. (50.8
5
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod- mm) in length and 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width with two holes ( ⁄64
ucts for Testing in. (1.98 mm)) in diameter on one end of the specimen. The
1 1
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather centers of the holes shall be ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) from the end, ⁄4
Test Specimens in. (6.35 mm) apart, and located equidistant from the center
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather line (length wise) of the specimen. See Fig. 1.
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and
5.3 The specimen shall be cut with the long dimension
Chemical Tests
perpendicular to the backbone.
3. Significance and Use
6. Conditioning
3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load
6.1 All specimen shall be conditioned and tested in an
required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen.
atmosphere as described in Practice D1610.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
7. Procedure
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
7.1 Determine the thickness of the specimen to the nearest
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4705 - 13. DOI:
0.001 in. (0.01 mm) on the long axis near one end.
10.1520/D4705-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.2 Bend the wire into a “U” shape, preferably by bending
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
over a ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) rod, and pass the ends through the holes
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. in the specimen so that both ends project from the flesh side of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4705 − 18
FIG. 1 Test Specimen
the specimen. Clamp both ends of the wire in the testing 9. Precision and Bias (or Reproducibility)
machine grip, the jaws of which have been covered. Clamp the
9.1 This
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4705 − 13 D4705 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is
particularly applicable to lightweight leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen. Tanners
and leather buyers have found that this test gives an indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of particular value in
estimating the durability of leather to withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of shoes, garments, and
upholstered products. The thickness of the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the uniformity of the
test results. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test
method.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
4.2 Thickness Gage, a dead weight type of thickness gage as described in Method D1813.
4.3 Steel Die, to cut test specimens (as described in 5.1).
4.4 Paper Clip, #1/Premium,Smooth, with wire diameter 0.041 6 0.0010.002 in. (1.04 6 0.02540.05 mm).
5. Sampling Test Specimen
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, sample the leather according to Practice D2813.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2018. Published May 2013October 2018. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as D4705
- 12.13. DOI: 10.1520/D4705-13.10.1520/D4705-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4705 − 18
5
5.2 The specimen shall be a rectangle of leather 2 in. (50.8 mm) in length and 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width with two holes ( ⁄64
1 1
in. (1.98 mm)) in diameter on one end of the specimen. The centers of the holes shall be ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) from the end, ⁄4 in.
(6.35 mm) apart, and located equidistant from the center line (length wise) of the specimen. See Fig. 1.
5.3 The specimen shall be cut with the long dimension perpendicular to the backbone.
6. Conditioning
6.1 All specimen shall be conditioned and tested in an atmosphere as described in Practice D1610.
7. Procedure
7.1 Determine the thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.01 mm) on the long axis near one end.
1
7.2 Bend the wire
...