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ASTM D4131-84(2014)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone

Standard Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone

ABSTRACT
This practice covers determination of the quantitative and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1) preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retrieving all affected fish, which may take up to three days. This practice is useful in both short- and long-term studies for management and impact assessment purposes. The sample area is blocked off with a small mesh net(s) and the volume of water to be treated is calculated. The required quantity of rotenone is diluted and distributed throughout the water column in the sample area. All fish should be affected and they should be collected for processing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers determination of the quantitative and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1) preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retrieving all affected fish, which may take up to three days.  
1.2 Advantages:  
1.2.1 Easily detoxified.  
1.2.2 All native freshwater fish are susceptible, but it has low toxicity to mammals and birds.  
1.2.3 At low concentrations fish toxicity depends on species, age, and size.  
1.2.4 The suffocating action is reversible.  
1.3 Limitations:  
1.3.1 It is less effective in cold (below 20°C) and highly alkaline water.  
1.3.2 Smaller fish and those without air bladders usually do not float.  
1.3.3 Completely random selection of sample areas is not possible.  
1.3.4 Overkill beyond sample area can sometimes occur.  
1.3.5 Food web organisms may be eliminated.  
1.4 Applications—this practice is useful in both short- and long-term studies for management and impact assessment purposes. It is adaptable to both lotic and lentic situations in littoral and limnetic areas.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 6.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2013
ICS
67.120.30 - Fish and fishery products
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.24 - Water Microbiology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4131-84(2005) - Standard Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Replaced By
ASTM D4131-19 - Standard Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4211-21 - Standard Guide for Fish Sampling
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014

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ASTM D4131-84(2014) - Standard Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4131 − 84 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Fish with Rotenone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Document
1.1 This practice covers determination of the quantitative 2.1 ASTM Standards:
and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1)
3. Summary of Practice
preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retriev-
ing all affected fish, which may take up to three days.
3.1 The sample area is blocked off with a small mesh net(s)
and the volume of water to be treated is calculated. The
1.2 Advantages:
required quantity of rotenone is diluted and distributed
1.2.1 Easily detoxified.
throughoutthewatercolumninthesamplearea.Allfishshould
1.2.2 All native freshwater fish are susceptible, but it has
be affected and they should be collected for processing (1).
low toxicity to mammals and birds.
1.2.3 At low concentrations fish toxicity depends on
4. Apparatus
species, age, and size.
4.1 Vessels, for measuring and mixing rotenone and for
1.2.4 The suffocating action is reversible.
collecting fish.
1.3 Limitations:
4.2 Chemical Applicator, for boat use.
1.3.1 It is less effective in cold (below 20°C) and highly
4.2.1 Venturi Siphon or Automatic Boat Bailer that attaches
alkaline water.
to outboard motor’s cavatation plate.
1.3.2 Smaller fish and those without air bladders usually do
4.2.2 Gasoline-Powered Pump and Weighted Perforated
not float.
Hose.
1.3.3 Completely random selection of sample areas is not
possible. 1
4.3 Block-Off Net(s) ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm) bar mesh for lake-
1.3.4 Overkill beyond sample area can sometimes occur. 3
reservoir and small stream use or ⁄4 to 1-in. (19 to 25-mm) bar
1.3.5 Food web organisms may be eliminated.
mesh for larger streams).
1.4 Applications—this practice is useful in both short- and
4.4 Dip nets, for collecting fish.
long-term studies for management and impact assessment
4.5 Flat-Bottom Boats, 12 to 14-ft or larger.
purposes. It is adaptable to both lotic and lentic situations in
littoral and limnetic areas.
5. Reagents
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
and are not considered standard.
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
hazards, see Section 6. the ASTM website.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
approved in 1984. Last previous edition addition approved in 2008 as D4131 – 84 and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4131-84R14. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4131 − 84 (2014)
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently 7.1.4 When fish start to surface, collect fish as quickly as
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of possible, or they will sink and may be lost.
the determination.
7.1.5 Detoxify by dispersing potassium permanganate equal
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to the rotenone concentration in the same manner as the
to water shall be understood to mean Type II reagent water
rotenone. Avoid dispersing excessive quantities of potassium
conforming to Specification D1193.
...

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This practice covers determination of the quantitative and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1) preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retrieving all affected fish, which may take up to three days. This practice is useful in both short- and long-term studies for management and impact assessment purposes. The sample area is blocked off with a small mesh net(s) and the volume of water to be treated is calculated. The required quantity of rotenone is diluted and distributed throughout the water column in the sample area. All fish should be affected and they should be collected for processing.
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1.1 This practice covers determination of the quantitative and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1) preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retrieving all affected fish, which may take up to three days.  
1.2 Advantages:  
1.2.1 Easily detoxified.  
1.2.2 All native freshwater fish are susceptible, but it has low toxicity to mammals and birds.  
1.2.3 At low concentrations fish toxicity depends on species, age, and size.  
1.2.4 The suffocating action is reversible.  
1.3 Limitations:  
1.3.1 It is less effective in cold (below 20 °C) and highly alkaline water.  
1.3.2 Smaller fish and those without air bladders usually do not float.  
1.3.3 Completely random selection of sample areas is not possible.  
1.3.4 Overkill beyond sample area can sometimes occur.  
1.3.5 Food web organisms may be eliminated.  
1.4 Applications—This practice is useful in both short- and long-term studies for management and impact assessment purposes. It is adaptable to both lotic and lentic situations in littoral and limnetic areas.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 7.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone

ABSTRACT
This practice covers determination of the quantitative and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1) preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retrieving all affected fish, which may take up to three days. This practice is useful in both short- and long-term studies for management and impact assessment purposes. The sample area is blocked off with a small mesh net(s) and the volume of water to be treated is calculated. The required quantity of rotenone is diluted and distributed throughout the water column in the sample area. All fish should be affected and they should be collected for processing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers determination of the quantitative and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1) preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retrieving all affected fish, which may take up to three days.  
1.2 Advantages:  
1.2.1 Easily detoxified.  
1.2.2 All native freshwater fish are susceptible, but it has low toxicity to mammals and birds.  
1.2.3 At low concentrations fish toxicity depends on species, age, and size.  
1.2.4 The suffocating action is reversible.  
1.3 Limitations:  
1.3.1 It is less effective in cold (below 20 °C) and highly alkaline water.  
1.3.2 Smaller fish and those without air bladders usually do not float.  
1.3.3 Completely random selection of sample areas is not possible.  
1.3.4 Overkill beyond sample area can sometimes occur.  
1.3.5 Food web organisms may be eliminated.  
1.4 Applications—This practice is useful in both short- and long-term studies for management and impact assessment purposes. It is adaptable to both lotic and lentic situations in littoral and limnetic areas.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 7.  
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5.1 Protection of a species requires prevention of unacceptable effects on the number, weight, health, and uses of the individuals of that species. Toxicity tests can be used provide information about the toxicity of a test material to a specific life stage of a particular species of mussel. The primary adverse effects studied are reduced survival or growth.  
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ASTM
ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6416/D6416M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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