ASTM D7790-19(2023)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Preparation of Plastic Packagings Containing Liquids for United Nations (UN) Drop Testing
Standard Guide for Preparation of Plastic Packagings Containing Liquids for United Nations (UN) Drop Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide direction for uniform conditioning methodology when conducting special preparations of plastic packagings as prescribed for conducting United Nations (UN) drop test. This guide provides a uniform approach for conditioning of plastic packaging intended for liquid hazardous materials (dangerous goods).
4.2 The hazardous materials (dangerous goods) regulations certification process requires that plastic packagings undergo special preparations before performing the UN drop test. The regulations do not include uniform procedures for conducting special preparations. Non-uniform procedures allow for differences in methods between test facilities which may result in different test results.
4.3 49 CFR 178.603(c) state that special conditioning for drop testing is required for all plastic drums, plastic jerricans, plastic boxes (other than expanded polystyrene boxes), composite packagings (plastic material), and combination packagings with plastic inner packagings (other than plastic bags intended to contain solids or articles). It further states that drop testing shall be conducted when the temperature of the test sample (packagings and contents) has been reduced to –18 °C or lower. Test liquids shall be kept in the liquid state, if necessary, by the addition of antifreeze. Water/antifreeze solutions with a minimum 0.95 specific gravity for testing at –18 °C or lower are considered acceptable test liquids. These conditioning requirements also apply to IBCs and Large Packagings. Refer to 49 CFR §178.810(b)(4) and §178.965(c), respectively.
4.4 A 24-hour conditioning period may not be sufficient time for the packaging and contents to reach the required temperature.
4.5 This guide provides additional information not in the regulations that will facilitate consistent test sample conditioning among test facilities. The information and guidance provided here are intended to meet or exceed the minimum requirements of the regul...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for special preparation conditioning of drop test samples being subjected to United Nations (UN) performance-oriented packaging certification as required by United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).
1.2 This guide provides guidance on conditioning test samples for drop testing plastic Non-Bulk Packaging, Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC), and Large Packaging designs intended for liquid hazardous materials (dangerous goods) as required by 49 CFR §178.603(c)(1), §178.810(b)(4), and §178.965(c), respectively. This guide also provides the minimum information that should be documented when conducting special preparation conditioning.
1.3 The user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR §172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations including: the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, G...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7790 − 19 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for
Preparation of Plastic Packagings Containing Liquids for
United Nations (UN) Drop Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and a set of basic instructions for special preparation condi-
tioning of drop test samples being subjected to United Nations
2. Referenced Documents
(UN) performance-oriented packaging certification as required
2.1 ASTM Standards:
by United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) and the United Nations
Packaging Components for Testing
Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).
D4919 Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Danger-
1.2 This guide provides guidance on conditioning test
ous Goods) Packagings
samples for drop testing plastic Non-Bulk Packaging, Interme-
D7887 Guide for Selection of Substitute, Non-hazardous,
diate Bulk Container (IBC), and Large Packaging designs
Liquid Filling Substances for Packagings Subjected to the
intended for liquid hazardous materials (dangerous goods) as
United Nations Performance Tests
required by 49 CFR §178.603(c)(1), §178.810(b)(4), and
D8135 Guide for Selection of Substitute, Non-hazardous,
§178.965(c), respectively. This guide also provides the mini-
Particulate Solid Filling Substances for Packagings Sub-
mum information that should be documented when conducting
jected to the United Nations Performance Tests
special preparation conditioning.
2.2 Federal Standard:
1.3 The user of this guide shall be trained in accordance
U.S. Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regula-
with 49 CFR §172.700 and other applicable hazardous mate-
tions Title 49 (49 CFR) Parts 100-185
rials regulations including: the International Civil Aviation
2.3 UN Standard:
Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Trans-
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dan-
port of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime
gerous Goods, Model Regulations (UN Orange Book)
Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such
2.4 IATA Standard:
as the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Danger-
International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous
ous Goods Regulations.
Goods Regulations
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are regarded as the 2.5 ICAO Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical
standard. Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by
Air
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the ASTM website.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Office, Washington, DC 20402-9371 (www.phmsa.dot.gov/phmsa-regulations).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Available from the UN Economic Commission for Europe, Information
Service, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland (website: http://
www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm).
Available from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), 800 Place
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and Victoria, PO Box 113, Montreal, Quebec H4Z 1M1 Canada (website: http://
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Hazardous Materials. www.iata.org).
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally Available from the International Civil Aviation Organization, (ICAO), 999
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D7790 – 19. DOI: University St., Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7 Canada (website: http://www.icao.org).
10.1520/D7790-19R23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7790 − 19 (2023)
2.6 IMDG Standard: 3.2.5 packaging(s), n—the receptacle(s) (without contents)
International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code and any other components or materials necessary for the
receptacle(s) to perform their containment function.
3. Terminology
3.2.6 receptacle, n—containment vessel for receiving and
holding substances or articles, including any means of closing.
3.1 Definitions:
3.2.7 single packaging, n—non-bulk packaging other than
3.1.1 ambient, adv—the temperature and humidity of the
surrounding environment where sample preparation is con- combination packaging. A packaging that does not require an
inner packaging to be capable of performing its containment
ducted.
function and it includes composite packaging.
3.1.2 conditioning period, n—minimum time required for
3.2.8 shipper, n—the company or person providing the
test sample(s) and contents to reach the appropriate tempera-
packaging and instructions for the substances or articles being
ture.
transported from one location to another.
3.1.3 environmental conditioning chamber(s),
NOTE 1—Additional packaging terms and definitions are located in 49
n—compartment, cabinet, or enclosed room that has the ability
CFR Section 171.8 and the UN Orange Book, Section 1.2.1.
to achieve low temperatures and maintain those temperatures
(or below) during the conditioning period. Examples are chest,
4. Significance and Use
upright freezer, or walk-in freezer.
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide direction for
3.1.4 mapping, v—collecting temperature data at multiple
uniform conditioning methodology when conducting special
interior or exterior locations of a package or inside the chamber
preparations of plastic packagings as prescribed for conducting
to determine the temperature variability range.
United Nations (UN) drop test. This guide provides a uniform
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Units—All temperature readings are in
approach for conditioning of plastic packaging intended for
degrees Celsius. liquid hazardous materials (dangerous goods).
3.1.5 specific gravity, n—ratio of the testing substance 4.2 The hazardous materials (dangerous goods) regulations
density to a standard substance (i.e., water) density at a specific certification process requires that plastic packagings undergo
temperature and pressure. special preparations before performing the UN drop test. The
regulations do not include uniform procedures for conducting
3.1.5.1 Discussion—For solids and liquids, the standard
substance is normally water at 4.0 °C with a 1.00 kg/L density. special preparations. Non-uniform procedures allow for differ-
ences in methods between test facilities which may result in
3.1.6 thermocouple, n—device for measuring temperature.
different test results.
It consists of two dissimilar metals, joined together at one end.
When the junction of the two metals is heated or cooled a 4.3 49 CFR 178.603(c) state that special conditioning for
voltage is produced that can be correlated back to the tempera- drop testing is required for all plastic drums, plastic jerricans,
ture. The thermocouple alloys are commonly available as wire. plastic boxes (other than expanded polystyrene boxes), com-
posite packagings (plastic material), and combination packag-
3.1.7 water/antifreeze solution, n—liquid solution with a
ings with plastic inner packagings (other than plastic bags
0.95 minimum specific gravity at –18 °C and does not freeze
intended to contain solids or articles). It further states that drop
above –24 °C.
testing shall be conducted when the temperature of the test
3.2 Applicable Packaging Definitions Related to Dangerous
sample (packagings and contents) has been reduced to –18 °C
Goods Regulations:
or lower. Test liquids shall be kept in the liquid state, if
3.2.1 combination package, n—combination of packagings
necessary, by the addition of antifreeze. Water/antifreeze solu-
for transport purposes consisting of one or more inner pack-
tions with a minimum 0.95 specific gravity for testing at
agings secured in a non-bulk outer packaging. It does not
–18 °C or lower are considered acceptable test liquids. These
include a composite packaging.
conditioning requirements also apply to IBCs and Large
3.2.2 composite packaging, n—packaging consisting of an Packagings. Refer to 49 CFR §178.810(b)(4) and §178.965(c),
outer packaging and an inner receptacle s
...
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