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ASTM B851-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish

Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for automated, controlled shot peening of metallic articles prior to electrolytic or autocatalytic deposition of nickel or chromium, or as a final finish, using shot made of cast steel, conditioned cut wire, or ceramic media. The process is applicable to those materials on which test work has shown it to be beneficial within given intensity ranges. It is not suitable for brittle materials. Hand peening and rotary flap peening are excluded specifically. Shot peening induces residual compressive stresses in the surface and near-surface layers of metallic articles, controlling or limiting the reduction in fatigue properties that occurs from nickel or chromium plating of the article, or the fatigue properties of unplated articles. It is a process for cold working surfaces by bombarding the product with shot of a solid and spherical nature propelled at a relatively high velocity. Cast steel, cut wire, and ceramic shot shall all be spherical in shape and shall all be free of sharp edges, corners, and broken pieces. Prior to shot peening, the following operations shall be done first: heat treatment, machining, grinding, flaw test, crack test, corrosion detection, cleaning, and masking. Peened surfaces shall be uniform in appearance and completely dented so that the original surface is obliterated entirely. After shot peening, the following methods shall be done: residual shot removal, surface finishing, chemical cleaning of nonferrous metals and their alloys, thermal and heat treatments, and corrosion protection.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for automated, controlled shot peening of metallic articles prior to electrolytic or autocatalytic deposition of nickel or chromium, or as a final finish, using shot made of cast steel, conditioned cut wire, or ceramic media. The process is applicable to those materials on which test work has shown it to be beneficial within given intensity ranges. It is not suitable for brittle materials. Hand peening and rotary flap peening are excluded specifically.
1.2 Shot peening induces residual compressive stresses in the surface and near-surface layers of metallic articles, controlling or limiting the reduction in fatigue properties that occurs from nickel or chromium plating of the article, or the fatigue properties of unplated articles.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2004
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.02 - Pre Treatment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B851-94 - Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish (Withdrawn 2004)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Replaced By
ASTM B851-04(2009) - Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009
Referred By
ASTM B177/B177M-11(2021) - Standard Guide for Engineering Chromium Electroplating
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM B849-02(2019) - Standard Specification for Pre-Treatments of Iron or Steel for Reducing Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2080-23 - Standard Specification for Cold-Expansion Fittings with Metal Compression-Sleeves for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and SDR9 Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Pipe
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM B850-98(2022) - Standard Guide for Post-Coating Treatments of Steel for Reducing the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM B734-97(2018) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Copper for Engineering Uses
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM B689-97(2023) - Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM F519-18 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Environments
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM B733-22 - Standard Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM B999-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloys Plating, Electrodeposited Coatings of Titanium and Titanium Alloys on Conductive and Non-Conductive Substrate
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004

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ASTM B851-04 - Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final FinishASTM B851-04 - Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish
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ASTM B851-04 - Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B851 – 04
Standard Specification for
Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles
Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating,
1
or as Final Finish
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B650 Specification for Electrodeposited Engineering Chro-
3
mium Coatings on Ferrous Substrates
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for auto-
B656 Guide for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-
mated, controlled shot peening of metallic articles prior to
Phosphorus Deposition on Metals for Engineering Use
electrolytic or autocatalytic deposition of nickel or chromium,
4
(Discontinued 2000)
or as a final finish, using shot made of cast steel, conditioned
B689 Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel
cut wire, or ceramic media. The process is applicable to those
Coatings
materials on which test work has shown it to be beneficial
B733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-
within given intensity ranges. It is not suitable for brittle
Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
materials. Hand peening and rotary flap peening are excluded
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
specifically.
Sieves
1.2 Shot peening induces residual compressive stresses in
E165 PracticeforLiquidPenetrantExaminationforGeneral
the surface and near-surface layers of metallic articles, control-
Industry
ling or limiting the reduction in fatigue properties that occurs
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
from nickel or chromium plating of the article, or the fatigue
5
2.2 Federal Standards:
properties of unplated articles.
QQ-N-290 Nickel Plating (Electrodeposited)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
QQ-C-320 Chromium Plating (Electrodeposited)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5
2.3 Military Standards:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
MIL-S-851 Steel Grit, Shot, and Cut Wire Shot, and Iron
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Grit and Shot Blast Cleaning and Peening
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
MIL-S-13165 Shot Peening of Metal Parts
2. Referenced Documents
MIL-C-26074 Coating, Electroless Nickel
2
MIL-STD-45662 Calibration System Requirements
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6
2.4 SAE Standards:
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
SAE J441 Cut Steel Wire Shot
Electroplating
SAE J442 Test Strip, Holder and Gage for Shot Peening
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
SEA J827 Cast Steel Shot
troplating
SAE J1830 Size, Classification and Characteristics of Ce-
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
ramic Shot for Peening
plating
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
3. Terminology
B607 Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel Boron Coat-
3.1 Definitions:
ings for Engineering Use
3.1.1 Almen strip—UNS G10700 carbon steel specimens
that are used to calibrate the energy of a shot peening stream
1 (see Fig. 1).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B08.02 on Pre Treatment.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally Withdrawn.
4
approved in 1994. Discontinued January 2004 and reinstated in 2004 as B851–04. Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
DOI: 10.1520/B0851-04. on www.astm.org.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
the ASTM website. Warrendale, PA 15096.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B851 – 04
FIG. 2 Assembled Test Strip and Holder
FIG. 3 Almen Gage
FIG. 1 Almen Test Specimen
3.1.6 coverage—the extent of obliteration of the original
surface by dimples produced by impact from individual shot
3.1.2 Almen strip holding fixture—a fixture for holding particles and expressed as a percentage. See Note 1.
Almen strips in suitable locations that represent the position 3.1.7 depth of compressive stresses—where the stress pro-
andangularor
...

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Rhodium  
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Ruthenium  
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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications, for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts, for electronic applications, including as underplates in contacts or interconnections, and in certain joining applications.  
1.2 Electroplating of nickel for engineering applications (Note 1) requires technical considerations significantly different from decorative applications because the following functional properties are important:  
1.2.1 Hardness, strength, and ductility,  
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1.2.3 Load bearing characteristics,  
1.2.4 Corrosion resistance,  
1.2.5 Heat scaling resistance,  
1.2.6 Fretting resistance, and  
1.2.7 Fatigue resistance.  
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4.1 The routine measurement of the ductility of electrodeposited and autocatalytically deposited metal coatings can be useful in process control, especially when the electroplating process is used for decorative and engineering purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a test procedure for determining the ductility of electrodeposited and autocatalytically deposited coatings on sheet or strip basis metals. The purpose of the test is to determine the resistance of metal coatings to cracking during distortion.2  
1.2 Test Methods E8 can be used if the coatings are too ductile and require mandrels too small to be practical.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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