ASTM D2981-94(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wear Life of Solid Film Lubricants in Oscillating Motion
Standard Test Method for Wear Life of Solid Film Lubricants in Oscillating Motion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for determining the wear life properties of bonded solid lubricants in oscillating motion under the prescribed test conditions. This test method differentiates between bonded solid lubricants with respect to their wear life. If the test conditions are changed, relative wear life may change and relative ratings of the bonded solid film lubricants may be different.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of wear life of a bonded solid film lubricant under oscillating motion by means of a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values of the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation:D2981–94 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
1
Wear Life of Solid Film Lubricants in Oscillating Motion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 friction force—the resisting force tangential to the
interface between two bodies when, under the action of an
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of wear life of a
externalforce,onebodymovesortendstomoverelativetothe
bonded solid film lubricant under oscillating motion by means
2 other.
of a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine.
3.1.3 kinetic coeffıcient of friction—the coefficient of fric-
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
tion under conditions of macroscopic relative motion between
(metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within
two bodies.
thetexttheSIunitsareshowninbrackets.Thevaluesstatedin
3.1.4 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving
each system are not exact equivalents, therefore each system
progressive loss of material, due to relative motion between
must be used independently of the other. Combining values of
that surface and a contacting substance or substances.
the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
specification.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The test machine is operated using a coated steel testing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ring oscillating against a steel test block.The oscillating speed
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is 87.5 6 1 cpm at a 90° arc. The specimens are worn-in for 1
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
min at 13.6 kg (30 lb) normal load obtained by application of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
0.454 kg (1 lb) of dead weight to the 0:1 ratio lever system.
2. Referenced Documents Wear-in is followed by application of a normal load of 283 kg
3
(630 lb) obtained by application of 9.53 kg (21 lb) of dead
2.1 ASTM Standards:
weighttothe30:1ratioleversystemforthedurationofthetest.
D2714 Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the
4.2 One measurement is made:
Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Test Machine
4.2.1 wear life—the number of cycles required for the
3. Terminology
frictional force to rise to a predetermined value.
3.1 Definitions:
5. Significance and Use
3.1.1 coeffıcient of friction, µ or f—in tribology, the dimen-
5.1 This test method is used for determining the wear life
sionlessratioofthefrictionforce(F)betweentwobodiestothe
properties of bonded solid lubricants in oscillating motion
normal force (N) pressing these two bodies together.
under the prescribed test conditions. This test method differ-
µor f 5 ~F/N! (1)
entiates between bonded solid lubricants with respect to their
3.1.1.1 Discussion—A distinction is often made between
wear life. If the test conditions are changed, relative wear life
static coeffıcient of friction and kinetic coeffıcient of friction.
may change and relative ratings of the bonded solid film
lubricants may be different.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
6. Apparatus
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
D02.L0 on Industrial Lubricants. 6.1 Block-on-Ring Test Machine, equipped with oscillating
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally
drive, load cell transducer and recorder described in detail in
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2981–94 (1998).
AnnexA1 and illustrated in Fig. 1. (SeeTest Method D2714.)
2
The Block-on-Ring Test machine is available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark
4
6.2 Test Ring, SAE 4620 Steel,havingaRockwellhardness
Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of HRC 58-63. Each ring had a ground face of 8.163 mm 6
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. Available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2981–94 (2003)
9. Procedure
9.1 Conduct the test in a temperature- and humidity-
controlled atmosphere (24 6 3°C (75 6 5°F), 50 6 5%) and
allowsufficientstatictimeforthespecimenstoreacha
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