ASTM D8227-20

Standard Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Friction of Synchronizer Lubricated by Mechanical Transmission Fluids (MTF) Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to quickly determine the lubricating ability of fully-formulated lubricants used as mechanical transmission fluids (MTF) to display a frictional behavior against materials used in synchronizers of mechanical gears in automotive vehicles. This test method has found to be complementary to bench tests (for example, Test Method D5579 and CEC L-66-99) by using the present test conditions. This test method is a material and application oriented approach based on inputs from field experiences for characterizing the frictional behavior (coefficient of friction (cof)) using random, discrete, and constant parameter combinations as seen in field experiences. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications prior to commercialization.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the coefficient of friction of lubricants (fluids) tribologically interacting with materials used in synchronizers in mechanical transmission (MT) gears under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine. A flat areal contact geometry is applied.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2020
• ICS: 21.260 - Lubrication systems
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.11 - Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8227 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Coefficient of Friction of Synchronizer
Lubricated by Mechanical Transmission Fluids (MTF) Using
1
a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure
Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
coefficient of friction of lubricants (fluids) tribologically inter-
D7421 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure
acting with materials used in synchronizers in mechanical
Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency,
transmission (MT) gears under high-frequency linear-
Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
oscillation motion using the SRV test machine. A flat areal
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
contact geometry is applied.
2.2 Other Standards:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
DIN 51631 Special-boiling-point spirits—Requirements and
3
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
testing
standard.
DIN EN ISO 13565-2 Geometrical Product Specifications
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the (GPS)—Surface texture: Profile method—Surfaces hav-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ing stratified functional properties—Part 2: Height char-
3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- acterization using linear material ratio curve
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
DIN EN 17022–3 Heat treatment of ferrous materials; heat
3
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. treatment methods; case hardening
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
CEC L-66-99 Evaluation of synchronizer loading param-
4
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- eters and their ability to predict failure
5
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
GB/T 3077-2015 Alloy structural steel
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
YS/T 669-2013 Copper alloy tube of extruded product for
6
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical synchronizer rings
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
TL-VW084 (1993) Kupfer-Zink-Legierungen – Werkstoffan
forderungen (Copper-Zinc alloys—Material require-
7
2. Referenced Documents ments)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
3. Terminology
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
3.1 Definitions:
D5579 Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process
Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability
occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-
Test
panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or
3
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de
4
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Available from Coordinating European Council (CEC), Services provided by
Subcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Kellen Europe, Avenue Jules Bordet 142 - 1140, Brussels, Belgium, http://
Lubricates. www.cectests.org.
5
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally Available from Standardization Administration of China, No. 9 Madian
approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8227 – 18. DOI: Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China.
6
10.1520/D8227-20. Available as a standard of nonferrous industry from Standardization Adminis-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or tration of China, No. 9 Madian Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, P.R.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM China.
7
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Volkswagen AG, corporate IP, post stop 1770, D-38346
the ASTM website. Wolfsburg, Germany, www.vwgroupsupply.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8227 − 18 D8227 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Coefficient of Friction of Synchronizer
Lubricated by Mechanical Transmission Fluids (MTF) Using
1
a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the coefficient of friction of lubricants (fluids) tribologically interacting
with materials used in synchronizers in mechanical transmission (MT) gears under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using
the SRV test machine. A flat areal contact geometry is applied.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D5579 Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-
Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
D7421 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation
(SRV) Test Machine
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
2.2 Other Standards:
3
DIN 51631 Special-boiling-point spirits—Requirements and testing
DIN EN ISO 13565-2 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)—Surface texture: Profile method—Surfaces having stratified
3
functional properties—Part 2: Height characterization using linear material ratio curve
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100).
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2020. Published November 2018December 2020. Originally approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
D8227 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D8227-18.10.1520/D8227-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D8227 − 20
3
DIN EN 17022–3 Heat treatment of ferrous materials; heat treatment methods; case hardening
4
CEC L-66-99 Evaluation of synchronizer loading parameters and their ability to predict failure
5
GB/T 3077-2015 Alloy structural steel
6
YS/T 669-2013 Copper alloy tube of extruded product for synchronizer rings
7
TL-VW084 (1993) Kupfer-Zink-Legierungen – Werkstoffan forderungen (Copper-Zinc alloys—Material requirements)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accompanied
by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological system’s long-term
behavior. G40
3.1.2 carburization, n—carburizing is not defined in the ASTM Dictio
...