ASTM A255-02e1

Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and description of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels. The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of steel from the chemical composition based on the original work by M. A. Grossman.
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for determining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that follow:ElementRange, %Carbon0.10-0.70Manganese0.50-1.65Silicon0.15-0.60Chromium1.35 maxNickel1.50 maxMolybdenum0.55 max
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature (). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape of test specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2002
• ICS: 77.080.20 - Steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.15 - Bars

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A255-02 - Standard Test Method for Determining Hardenability of Steel
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM A255-07 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2007
• Referred By: ASTM A304-20 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM A914/A914M-19 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars Subject to Restricted End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B848/B848M-21 - Standard Specification for Powder Forged (PF) Ferrous Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM A1100-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Qualification and Control of Induction Heat Treating
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM A485-17(2022) - Standard Specification for High Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM A534-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM A646/A646M-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM A579/A579M-20 - Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM A689-97(2018) - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars for Springs
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: A 255 – 02
Standard Test Methods for
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Determining Hardenability of Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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e NOTE—Adjunct reference was corrected editorially in April 2006.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 These test methods cover the identification and descrip- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels. E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
steelfromthechemicalcompositionbasedontheoriginalwork 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
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by M. A. Grossman. ASTM Hardenability Chart
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for deter-
END-QUENCH OR JOMINYTEST
mining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon
between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test
3. Description
Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.
3.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods
thehardenabilityofsteelbytheend-quenchorJominytest.The
is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that
test consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test
follow:
specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening
Element Range, %
response as a function of the distance from the quenched end.
Carbon 0.10–0.70
Manganese 0.50–1.65
4. Apparatus
Silicon 0.15–0.60
4.1 Support for Test Specimen—Afixture for supporting the
Chromium 1.35 max
Nickel 1.50 max
test specimen vertically so that the lower end of the specimen
Molybdenum 0.55 max
is a distance of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) above the orifice of the
water-quenching device. A satisfactory type of support for the
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel
standard 1.0-in. (25.4-mm) specimen is shown in Fig. 1.
will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature
(Table 1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the
NOTE 1—Asuitable support for other sizes and shapes of specimens is
extentordepthofhardeningofastandardsizeandshapeoftest
shown in Fig. X1.1.
specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the
4.2 Water-Quenching Device—A water-quenching device
depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the
of suitable capacity to provide a vertical stream of water that
quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level.
canbecontrolledtoaheightof2.5in.(63.5mm)whenpassing
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
through an orifice 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter. A tank of
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
sufficient capacity to maintain the water temperature require-
information only.
ments of 6.3 with a small pump and control valves will be
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
foundsatisfactory.Thewater-supplylineshallalsobeprovided
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with a quick opening valve.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
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Subcommittee A01.15 on Bars. Standard ASTM Hardenability Charts (8 ⁄2 by 11 in. pads of 50 charts) are
Current edition approved March 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Originally available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJA0255.
published as A 255–42. Last previous edition A 255–99. Original adjunct produced in 1945.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A 255–02
A
TABLE 1 Normalizing and Austenitizing Temperatures
results. It is important to heat the specimen in such an
Normalizing Austenitizing atmosphere that pract
...