ASTM E1570-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Computed Tomographic (CT) Examination
Standard Practice for Computed Tomographic (CT) Examination
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is applicable for the systematic assessment of the internal structure of a material or assembly using CT technology. This practice may be used for review by system operators, or to prescribe operating procedures for new or routine test objects.
This practice provides the basis for the formation of a program for quality control and its continuation through calibration, standardization, reference samples, inspection plans, and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is for computed tomography (CT), which may be used to nondestructively disclose physical features or anomalies within a test object by providing radiological density and geometric measurements. This practice implicitly assumes the use of penetrating radiation, specifically X-ray and γ-ray.
1.2 CT systems utilize a set of transmission measurements made along paths through the test object from many different directions. Each of the transmission measurements is digitized and stored in a computer, where they are subsequently reconstructed by one of a variety of techniques. A treatment of CT principles is given in Guide E1441.
1.3 CT is broadly applicable to any material or test object through which a beam of penetrating radiation passes. The principal advantage of CT is that it provides densitometric (that is, radiological density and geometry) images of thin cross sections through an object without the structural superposition in projection radiography.
1.4 This practice describes procedures for performing CT examinations. This practice is to address the general use of CT technology and thereby facilitate its use.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety statements, see Section 8, NBS Handbook 114, and Federal Standards 21 CFR 1020.40 and 29 CFR 1910.96.
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Designation: E1570 − 11
Standard Practice for
1
Computed Tomographic (CT) Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1570; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E1441 Guide for Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging
E1695 Test Method for Measurement of Computed Tomog-
1.1 This practice is for computed tomography (CT), which
raphy (CT) System Performance
may be used to nondestructively disclose physical features or
2.2 NIST Standard:
anomalieswithinatestobjectbyprovidingradiologicaldensity
ANSI N43.3 General Radiation Safety Installations Using
and geometric measurements. This practice implicitly assumes
Non-Medical X-Ray and Sealed Gamma Sources up to 10
the use of penetrating radiation, specifically X-ray and γ-ray.
3
MeV
1.2 CT systems utilize a set of transmission measurements
4
2.3 Federal Standards:
made along paths through the test object from many different
21 CFR 1020.40 Safety Requirements of Cabinet X Ray
directions. Each of the transmission measurements is digitized
Systems
and stored in a computer, where they are subsequently recon-
29 CFR 1910.96 Ionizing Radiation
structed by one of a variety of techniques. A treatment of CT
5
2.4 ASNT Documents:
principles is given in Guide E1441.
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
1.3 CT is broadly applicable to any material or test object
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
through which a beam of penetrating radiation passes. The
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 QualificationandCertificationofNon-
principaladvantageofCTisthatitprovidesdensitometric(that
destructive Testing Personnel
is, radiological density and geometry) images of thin cross
2.5 Military Standard:
sections through an object without the structural superposition
MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifica-
in projection radiography. 4
tion and Certification
1.4 This practice describes procedures for performing CT 2.6 AIA Standard:
examinations. This practice is to address the general use of CT
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
6
technology and thereby facilitate its use.
Testing Personnel
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- refer to Terminology E1316 and Annex A1 in Guide E1441.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
4. Summary of Practice
statements, see Section 8, NBS Handbook 114, and Federal
Standards 21 CFR 1020.40 and 29 CFR 1910.96.
4.1 Requirements in this practice are intended to control the
reliability and quality of the CT images.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 CTsystems are made up of a number of subsystems; the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
functionservedbyeachsubsystemiscommoninalmostallCT
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
scanners. Section 7 describes the following subsystems:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
3
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
4
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
ε1
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1570 - 00(2005) . DOI: Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
10.1520/E1570-11. dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
the ASTM website. WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E1570–00 (Reapproved 2005) Designation:E1570–11
Standard Practice for
1
Computed Tomographic (CT) Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1570; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice is for computed tomography (CT), which may be used to nondestructively disclose physical features or
anomalies within a test object by providing radiological density and geometric measurements.This practice implicitly assumes the
use of penetrating radiation, specifically X-ray and g-ray.
1.2 CT systems utilize a set of transmission measurements made along paths through the test object from many different
directions.Eachofthetransmissionmeasurementsisdigitizedandstoredinacomputer,wheretheyaresubsequentlyreconstructed
by one of a variety of techniques. A treatment of CT principles is given in Guide E1441.
1.3 CT is broadly applicable to any material or test object through which a beam of penetrating radiation passes. The principal
advantage of CT is that it provides densitometric (that is, radiological density and geometry) images of thin cross sections through
an object without the structural superposition in projection radiography.
1.4 This practice describes procedures for performing CT examinations. This practice is to address the general use of CT
technology and thereby facilitate its use.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific safety statements, see Section 8, NBS Handbook 114, and Federal Standards 21 CFR 1020.40
and 29 CFR 1910.96.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1441 Guide for Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging
E1695 Test Method for Measurement of Computed Tomography (CT) System Performance
2.2 NIST Standard:
NBS Handbook 114General Safety Standard for Installations. Using Non-Medical X-Ray and Sealed Gamma-Ray Sources,
Energies Up to 10 MeVANSI N43.3 General Radiation Safety Installations Using Non-Medical X-Ray and Sealed Gamma
3
Sources up to 10 MeV
4
2.3 Federal Standards:
21 CFR 1020.40 Safety Requirements of Cabinet X Ray Systems
29 CFR 1910.96 Ionizing Radiation
5
2.4 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.5 Military Standard:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and
Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published February 2006. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E1570-00. DOI:
10.1520/E1570-00R05E01.
´1
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1570 - 00(2005) . DOI:
10.1520/E1570-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 3460,1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-3460.20899-1070, http://
www.nist.gov.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
5
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
5
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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