ASTM A413/A413M-21

Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting. The three classes of carbon steel chains covered here include Grade 30 (proof coil chain), Grade 43 (high test chain), and Grade 70 (transport chain). The dimensional requirements of the chain with respect to the appropriate grade and size are presented. The mechanical testing requirements for the steel includes, proof testing, breaking force testing, and elongation testing. One test for breaking strength and elongation shall be made from each lot. The elongation and breaking force tests may be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.  
Note 1: This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for sprocket applications.  
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:  
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.  
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain.  
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain.  
1.3 The chain grade is based on the nominal stress in the link at the design breaking force strength. It is calculated by taking the minimum breaking force load and dividing by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the link.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or in other units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4.1 Metric Units—Grade = 1/10 of the minimum breaking force in kilonewtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area in square millimeters. = (MBF)/(0.005)(π)(d)(d)  
1.4.2 English Units—Grade = 0.000689 of the minimum breaking force in pounds divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area in square inches. = (0.000689)(MBF)/(0.5)(π)(d)(d)  
1.4.3 MBF = minimum breaking force (lb or kN); d = chain diameter (in. or mm).
Note 2: The above formulas are for round diameter links only. If different cross sections are used, the actual cross section of the link would need to be calculated and used.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2020
• ICS: 77.140.65 - Steel wire, wire ropes and link chains
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.27 - Steel Chain

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A413/A413M −21
Standard Specification for
1
Carbon Steel Chain
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA413/A413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for
sprocket applications. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered: A29/A29MSpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain. A751Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain.
Steel Products
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
1.3 The chain grade is based on the nominal stress in the
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
link at the design breaking force strength. It is calculated by
taking the minimum breaking force load and dividing by two
3. Terminology
times the nominal cross-sectional area of the link.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or in other units are
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—minimum force in
toberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineach
poundsornewtonsatwhichthechain,duringmanufacture,has
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
force is applied in direct tension.
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute
systems shall not be combined.
acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
1
1.4.1 Metric Units—Grade = ⁄10 of the minimum breaking
3.1.2 lot, n—forthepurposeofacceptancetesting,alotshall
force in kilonewtons divided by two times the nominal
consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same
cross-sectional area in square millimeters.
grade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds
= (MBF)/(0.005)(π)(d)(d)
3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
1.4.2 English Units—Grade = 0.000689 of the minimum
3.1.3 proof test, n—quality control tensile test applied to
breaking force in pounds divided by two times the nominal
chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.
cross-sectional area in square inches.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—It is the minimum force in pounds or
= (0.000689)(MBF)/(0.5)(π)(d)(d)
newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the
1.4.3 MBF = minimum breaking force (lb or kN); d = chain
producer, under a test in which a constantly increasing force
diameter (in. or mm).
has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.
NOTE 2—The above formulas are for round diameter links only. If
Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall not
different cross sections are used, the actual cross section of the link would
be used as criteria for service or design purposes.
need to be calculated and used.
3.1.4 working load limit (WLL), n—maximum combined
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
applied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length of
chain.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
A01.27 on Steel Chain. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A413/A413M–07 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0413_A0413M-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at th
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A413/A413M − 07 (Reapproved 2012) A413/A413M − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Carbon Steel Chain
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A413/A413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding,
and general purposes other than overhead lifting.
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for sprocket applications.
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain.
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain.
1
1.3 The Grade designationchain grade is ⁄10 of the minimum breaking strength in newtons dividedbased on the nominal stress in
the link at the design breaking force strength. It is calculated by taking the minimum breaking force load and dividing by two times
the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres. link.
1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric SI units or in other units shall are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
system mustshall be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. and values from the two systems shall
not be combined.
1
1.4.1 Metric Units—Grade = ⁄10 of the minimum breaking force in kilonewtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional
area in square millimeters.
= (MBF)/(0.005)(π)(d)(d)
1.4.2 English Units—Grade = 0.000689 of the minimum breaking force in pounds divided by two times the nominal
cross-sectional area in square inches.
= (0.000689)(MBF)/(0.5)(π)(d)(d)
1.4.3 MBF = minimum breaking force (lb or kN); d = chain diameter (in. or mm).
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.27
on Steel Chain.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Jan. 1, 2021. Published November 2012January 2021. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as A413/A413M – 07.A413/A413M – 07 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0413_A0413M-07R12.10.1520/A0413_A0413M-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A413/A413M − 21
NOTE 2—The above formulas are for round diameter links only. If different cross sections are used, the actual cross section of the link would need to be
calculated and used.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—minimum force in pounds or newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, has been found
by testing to break when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct tension.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
This test is a manufacturer’s attribute acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
3.1.2 lot, n—for the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shall consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same grade
and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
3.1.3 proof test, n—quality control tensile test applied to chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
It is the minimum force in pounds or newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the producer,
...