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ASTM D3938-13

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products

Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a guide to help a manufacturer distributor, or importer establish a reasonable basis for care information.  
4.2 The manufacturer, distributor, or importer should possess, prior to sale, reliable evidence that the product was not harmed when refurbished reasonably often according to the instructions. Additionally they should possess reliable evidence that the product or a fair sample of the product would be harmed when refurbished by methods warned against on the label.  
4.3 This guide is intended for general use by those who wish to determine whether apparel or other textile products will perform in an acceptable manner when the care instructions on the label are followed.  
4.4 Refurbished products are evaluated against previously selected product performance specifications to determine whether the products can be refurbished successfully by following the instructions on the care label.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide may be used to determine and confirm the appropriate care label instructions for apparel, piece goods, and other textile products excluding textile floor coverings and upholstery.  
1.2 This guide encompasses the following care procedures: home laundering, professional textile care, and other alternative cleaning methods.  
1.3 This guide includes provision for evaluating the complete textile product and the product components.  
1.4 This guide covers the performance characteristics as a result of refurbishing that are important in determining the acceptability of a textile product.  
1.5 This guide is appropriate for the evaluation of all garments and household textiles that are sold with care labels.  
1.5.1 This guide may also be used in connection with the evaluation of similar materials that do not have a care label.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2012
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.62 - Labeling
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3938-07 - Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D3938-18 - Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Referred By
ASTM D5431-08(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and Household Use
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6322-15 - Standard Guide to International Test Methods Associated with Textile Care Procedures
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5489-18 - Standard Guide for Care Symbols for Care Instructions on Textile Products
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6544-21 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Textiles Prior to Ultraviolet (UV) Transmission Testing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5253-04(2016) - Standard Terminology Relating to Floor Coverings and Textile Upholstered Furniture
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6603-19 - Standard Specification for Labeling of UV-Protective Textiles
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM F3502-23a - Standard Specification for Barrier Face Coverings
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3181-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests on Textiles
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013

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ASTM D3938-13 - Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile ProductsASTM D3938-13 - Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products
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REDLINE ASTM D3938-13 - Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile ProductsREDLINE ASTM D3938-13 - Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products
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REDLINE ASTM D3938-13 - Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3938 −13
Standard Guide for
Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel
1
and Other Textile Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Method 188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach
3
in Home Laundering
1.1 This guide may be used to determine and confirm the
2.3 Other Standards:
appropriatecarelabelinstructionsforapparel,piecegoods,and
Federal Trade Commission Trade Regulation Rule. Care
other textile products excluding textile floor coverings and
Labeling of Textile Wearing Apparel and Certain Piece
upholstery.
Goods. Effective July 3, 1972, As Amended January 2,
1.2 This guide encompasses the following care procedures:
4
1984 (cited as 16 CFR 423)
home laundering, professional textile care, and other alterna-
The National Standard of Canada—Care Labeling of Tex-
tive cleaning methods.
5
tiles (CAN/CSGB-86.1-M91)
1.3 This guide includes provision for evaluating the com-
plete textile product and the product components.
3. Terminology
1.4 This guide covers the performance characteristics as a 3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.61, Apparel, , refer
result of refurbishing that are important in determining the
to Terminology D3136.
acceptability of a textile product. 3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: care
instructions, main components.
1.5 This guide is appropriate for the evaluation of all
garments and household textiles that are sold with care labels. 3.2 For all other terms are related to textiles, refer to
1.5.1 This guide may also be used in connection with the
Terminology D123.
evaluation of similar materials that do not have a care label.
3.3 Definitions:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3.1 Fordefinitionsofothertextiletermsusedinthisguide,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
refer to Terminology D123. For definitions of terms related to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
care instructions, refer to Terminology D3136.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Significance and Use
4.1 This is a guide to help a manufacturer distributor, or
2. Referenced Documents
importer establish a reasonable basis for care information.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The manufacturer, distributor, or importer should
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
possess,priortosale,reliableevidencethattheproductwasnot
D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel,
harmed when refurbished reasonably often according to the
Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
instructions.Additionallytheyshouldpossessreliableevidence
2.2 AATCC Methods:
that the product or a fair sample of the product would be
Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile
harmed when refurbished by methods warned against on the
Chemists and Colorists
label.
4.3 Thisguideisintendedforgeneralusebythosewhowish
to determine whether apparel or other textile products will
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.62 on Labeling.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2013. Originally
3
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3938 – 07. DOI: Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
10.1520/D3938-13. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. http://www.aatcc.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Washington, DC 20580. http://www.ftc.gov.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services
the ASTM website. Canada, Publication Section, Hull (Quebec) K1A OS9.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3938−13
perform in an acceptable manner when the care instructions on 7.3.2 Staining or self-staining, that is transference, or run-
the label are followed. ning of original color from one product to another or from one
area to another area on the same product.
4.4 Refurbished products are evaluated against previously
7.3.3 Distortion and loss or change in surface appearance or
selected pr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3938 − 07 D3938 − 13
Standard Guide for
Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel
1
and Other Textile Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide may be used to determine and confirm the appropriate care label instructions for apparel, piece goods, and other
textile products excluding textile floor coverings and upholstery.
1.2 This guide encompasses the following care procedures: home laundering, professional textile care, and other alternative
cleaning methods.
1.3 This guide includes provision for evaluating the complete textile product and the product components.
1.4 This guide covers the performance characteristics as a result of refurbishing that are important in determining the
acceptability of a textile product.
1.5 This guide is appropriate for the evaluation of all garments and household textiles that are sold with care labels.
1.5.1 This guide may also be used in connection with the evaluation of similar materials that do not have a care label.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel, Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
2.2 AATCC Methods:
Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
3
Method 188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in Home Laundering
2.3 Other Standards:
Federal Trade Commission Trade Regulation Rule. Care Labeling of Textile Wearing Apparel and Certain Piece Goods.
4
Effective July 3, 1972, As Amended January 2, 1984 (cited as 16 CFR 423)
5
The National Standard of Canada—Care Labeling of Textiles (CAN/CSGB-86.1-M91)
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.61, Apparel, , refer to Terminology D3136.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: care instructions, main components.
3.2 For all other terms are related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
3.3 Definitions:
3.3.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D123. For definitions of terms related to care
instructions, refer to Terminology D3136.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.62 on Labeling.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007Jan. 1, 2013. Published April 2007January 2013. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20002007 as
D3938 – 00.D3938 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/D3938-07.10.1520/D3938-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. http://www.aatcc.org.
4
Available from Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20580. http://www.ftc.gov.
5
Available from Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Publication Section, Hull (Quebec) K1A OS9.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3938 − 13
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This is a guide to help a manufacturer distributor, or importer establish a reasonable basis for care information.
4.2 The manufacturer, distributor, or importer should possess, prior to sale, reliable evidence that the product was not harmed
when refurbished reasonably often according to the instructions. Additionally they should possess reliable evidence that the product
or a fair sample of the product would be harmed when refurbished by methods warned against on the label.
4.3 This guide is intended for general use by those who wish to determine whether apparel or other textile products will per
...

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ASTM D3938-18(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a guide to help a manufacturer distributor, or importer establish a reasonable basis for care information.  
4.1.1 The manufacturer, distributor, or importer should possess, prior to sale, reliable evidence that the product was not harmed when refurbished reasonably often according to the instructions. Additionally, they should possess reliable evidence that the product, or a fair sample of the product, would be harmed when refurbished by methods warned against on the label.  
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1.1 This guide may be used to determine and confirm the appropriate care label instructions for apparel, piece goods, and other textile products excluding textile floor coverings and upholstery.  
1.2 This guide encompasses the following care procedures: home laundering, professional textile care, and other alternative cleaning methods.  
1.3 This guide includes provision for evaluating the complete textile product and the product components.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of end (warp) and pick (filling) count and is applicable to all types of woven fabrics.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.  
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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