ASTM D3635-13

Standard Test Method for Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Electrical insulating oil may contain small amounts of dissolved metals derived either directly from the base oil or from contact with metals during refining or service. When copper is present, it acts as a catalyst in promoting oxidation of the oil. This test method is useful for research for new oils and to assess the condition of service-aged oils. Consideration should be given to the limits of detection outlined in the scope.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of copper in new or used electrical insulating oil of petroleum origin by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.  
1.2 The lowest limit of detectability is primarily dependent upon the method of atomization, but also upon the energy source, the fuel and oxidant, and the degree of electrical expansion of the output signal. The lowest detectable concentration is usually considered to be equal to twice the maximum variation of the background. For flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability is generally in the order of 0.1 ppm or 0.1 mg/kg. For non-flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability is less than 0.01 ppm.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.4 for specific precautionary statements.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2013
• ICS: 29.040.10 - Insulating oils
• Technical Committee: D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
• Drafting Committee: D27.03 - Analytical Tests

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3635 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic
1
Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The test specimen of oil is filtered and diluted with an
1.1 This test method covers the determination of copper in
appropriate organic solvent and analyzed in an atomic absorp-
new or used electrical insulating oil of petroleum origin by
tion spectrophotometer. Alternate procedures are provided for
atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
instruments employing flame and non-flame atomization. Con-
1.2 The lowest limit of detectability is primarily dependent
centration is determined by means of calibration curves pre-
upon the method of atomization, but also upon the energy
pared from standard samples.
source, the fuel and oxidant, and the degree of electrical
expansion of the output signal. The lowest detectable concen-
4. Significance and Use
tration is usually considered to be equal to twice the maximum
4.1 Electrical insulating oil may contain small amounts of
variation of the background. For flame atomization, the lower
dissolved metals derived either directly from the base oil or
limit of detectability is generally in the order of 0.1 ppm or 0.1
from contact with metals during refining or service. When
mg/kg. For non-flame atomization, the lower limit of detect-
copper is present, it acts as a catalyst in promoting oxidation of
ability is less than 0.01 ppm.
the oil. This test method is useful for research for new oils and
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
to assess the condition of service-aged oils. Consideration
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
should be given to the limits of detection outlined in the scope.
standard.
5. Apparatus
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1 Volumetric flasks, 100-mL capacity.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Membrane filter, 0.45 µm.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Burets, 5 and 50-mL capacity.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.4 for specific
precautionary statements. 5.4 AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometer —Theinstrument
shall have an atomizer, a spectral energy source, usually
consisting of a copper hollow cathode lamp, a monochromator
2. Referenced Documents
capable of isolating the desired line of radiation, an adjustable
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
slit, a photomultiplier tube or other photosensitive device as a
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
light measuring and amplifying device, and a read-out mecha-
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
nism for indicating the amount of absorbed radiation.
Electrical Apparatus
Warning—Proper ventilation must be provided to remove
D5222 Specification for High Fire-Point Mineral Electrical
toxic metal vapors.
Insulating Oils
5.4.1 Instruments employing flame atomization require a
nebulizer assembly, burner head, and suitable pressure and
flow regulating devices to maintain constant oxidant and fuel
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
flow for the duration of the tests.
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
5.4.1.1 Glass Syringe, 10-mL capacity.
mittee D27.03 on Analytical Tests.
5.4.2 Instruments employing non-flame atomization require
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
a suitable pressure regulating device to maintain an inert
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3635 – 01(2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D3635-13.
atmosphere.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4.2.1 Graphite Furnace with background correction.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4.2.2 Output Device, Printer or Strip Chart Recorder (if
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. permanent record is required).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3635 − 13
5.4.2.3 Pipets, 1 and 5-µL.
Working 10 µg/mL Cu New Oil, mL MIBK, mL
Standard standard, mL
5.5 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.0001 g.
No. 1 (blank) 0.0 10.0 90
No. 2 0.5 9.5 90
6. Reagents
No. 3 1.0 9.0 90
N
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3635 − 01 (Reapproved 2005) D3635 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic
1
Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of copper in new or used electrical insulating oil of petroleum origin by atomic
absorption spectrophotometry.
1.2 The lowest limit of detectability is primarily dependent upon the method of atomization, but also upon the energy source,
the fuel and oxidant, and the degree of electrical expansion of the output signal. The lowest detectable concentration is usually
considered to be equal to twice the maximum variation of the background. For flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability
is generally in the order of 0.1 ppm or 0.1 mg/kg. For non-flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability is less than 0.01 ppm.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See 5.4 for specific precautionary statements.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
D5222 Specification for High Fire-Point Mineral Electrical Insulating Oils
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The test specimen of oil is filtered and diluted with an appropriate organic solvent and analyzed in an atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. Alternate procedures are provided for instruments employing flame and non-flame atomization. Concentration
is determined by means of calibration curves prepared from standard samples.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Electrical insulating oil may contain small amounts of dissolved metals derived either directly from the base oil or from
contact with metals during refining or service. When copper is present, it acts as a catalyst in promoting oxidation of the oil. This
test method is useful for research for new oils and to assess the condition of service-aged oils. Consideration should be given to
the limits of detection outlined in the scope.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Volumetric flasks, 100-mL capacity.
5.2 Membrane filter, 0.45 μm.
5.3 Burets, 5 and 50-mL capacity.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D27.03
on Analytical Tests.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005May 1, 2013. Published November 2005May 2013. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20012005 as
D3635 – 01.D3635 – 01(2005). DOI: 10.1520/D3635-01R05.10.1520/D3635-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3635 − 13
5.4 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer —The instrument shall have an atomizer, a spectral energy source, usually consisting
of a copper hollow cathode lamp, a monochromator capable of isolating the desired line of radiation, an adjustable slit, a
photomultiplier tube or other photosensitive device as a light measuring and amplifying device, and a read-out mechanism for
indicating the amount of absorbed radiation. Warning—Proper ventilation must be provided to remove toxic metal vapors.
5.4.1 Instruments employing flame atomization require a nebulizer assembly, burner head, and suitable pressure and flow
regulating devices to maintain constant oxidant and fuel flow for the duration of the tests.
5.4.1.1 Glass Syringe, 10-mL capacity.
5.4.2 Instruments employing non-flame atomization require a suitable pressure regulating device to maintain an inert
atmosphere.
5.4.2.1 Grap
...