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ASTM E1591-07

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models

Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended primarily for users and developers of mathematical fire models. It is also useful for people conducting fire tests, making them aware of some important applications and uses for small-scale fire test results. The guide thus contributes to increased accuracy in fire model calculations, which depend greatly on the quality of the input data.
The emphasis of this guide is on zone models of compartment fires. However, other types of mathematical fire models need many of the same input variables.
Note 1—Mathematical fire models in this guide are referred to by their acronyms (see 5.4).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes data required as input for mathematical fire models.
1.2 Guidelines are presented on how the data can be obtained.
1.3 The emphasis in this guide is on compartment zone fire models.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2006
ICS
13.220.01 - Protection against fire in general
Technical Committee
E05 - Fire Standards
Drafting Committee
E05.33 - Fire Safety Engineering
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1591-00e1 - Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Replaced By
ASTM E1591-13 - Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Fire Growth Models
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM E1355-23 - Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM E2280-21 - Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM E2061-23 - Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of Rail Transportation Vehicles
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7309-21b - Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007

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ASTM E1591-07 - Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1591 − 07 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E176Terminology of Fire Standards
E408Test Methods for Total Normal Emittance of Surfaces
1.1 This guide describes data required as input for math-
Using Inspection-Meter Techniques
ematical fire models.
E472Practice for Reporting Thermoanalytical Data (With-
1.2 Guidelines are presented on how the data can be
3
drawn 1995)
obtained.
E537Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicals
1.3 The emphasis in this guide is on compartment zone fire
by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
models.
E793Test Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystalliza-
tion by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E906Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
standard.
Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E967Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential ThermalAna-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
lyzers
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E968Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differential
1.6 Thisfirestandardcannotbeusedtoprovidequantitative
Scanning Calorimeters
measures.
E1321Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and
2. Referenced Documents
Flame Spread Properties
2
E1354Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
sumption Calorimeter
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
E1623Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an
C518Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
E2058Test Methods for Measurement of Synthetic Polymer
D835Specification for Refined Benzene-485 (Withdrawn
3
Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Appara-
1997)
tus (FPA)
D2395Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
E2257Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling
Wood-Based Materials
Materials and Assemblies
D3417Test Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystalli-
zation of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
3
3. Terminology
(DSC) (Withdrawn 2004)
D5865Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms appearing in this
Coke
guide, refer to Terminology E176.
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE05onFireStandards
4. Significance and Use
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE05.33onFireSafetyEngineering.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally
4.1 This guide is intended primarily for users and develop-
ε1
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E1591–00 . DOI:
ers of mathematical fire models. It is also useful for people
10.1520/E1591-07.
2
conducting fire tests, making them aware of some important
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
applicationsandusesforsmall-scalefiretestresults.Theguide
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
thus contributes to increased accuracy in fire model
the ASTM website.
3 calculations, which depend greatly on the quality of the input
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. data.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1591 − 07
4.2 The emphasis of this guide is on zone models of 6.1.1.4 The air/fuel ratio is used in the fire models to
compartment fires. However, other types of mathematical fire calculate mass burning rates and hence heat release rate. The
models need many of the same input variables. air/fuel ratio is unique to each fuel and is dimensionless [that
is, mass/mass].
NOTE 1—Mathematical fire models in this guide are referred to by their
6.1.2 Procedures to Obtain Air/Fuel Ratios:
acronyms (see 5.4).
6.1.2.1 Asmentionedabove,thestoichiometricair/
...

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5.1 The process of model evaluation is critical to establishing both the acceptable uses and limitations of fire models. It is not possible to evaluate a model in total; instead, this guide is intended to provide a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities for a specific use. Validation for one application or scenario does not imply validation for different scenarios. Several alternatives are provided for performing the evaluation process including: comparison of predictions against standard fire tests, full-scale fire experiments, field experience, published literature, or previously evaluated models.  
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5.3 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with other guides under development by Committee E05. It is intended for use by:  
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1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The intent is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical models which might be used in evaluating the effects of fires in and on structures.  
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ASTM E2653-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine Precision Estimates for a Test Method with Fewer Than Six Participating Laboratories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice is used when the number of participating laboratories or materials being tested, or both, in a precision study is less than the number specified by Practice E691. When possible, it is strongly recommended that a full Practice E691 standard protocol be followed to determine test method precision. Precision results produced by the procedures presented in this standard will not have the same degree of accuracy as results generated by a full Practice E691 protocol. This procedure will allow for the development of useful precision results when a full complement of laboratories is not available for interlaboratory testing.  
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5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.  
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1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat or flame under prescribed conditions).  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1355-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The process of model evaluation is critical to establishing both the acceptable uses and limitations of fire models. It is not possible to evaluate a model in total; instead, this guide is intended to provide a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities for a specific use. Validation for one application or scenario does not imply validation for different scenarios. Several alternatives are provided for performing the evaluation process including: comparison of predictions against standard fire tests, full-scale fire experiments, field experience, published literature, or previously evaluated models.  
5.2 The use of fire models currently extends beyond the fire research laboratory and into the engineering, fire service and legal communities. Sufficient evaluation of fire models is necessary to ensure that those using the models can judge the adequacy of the scientific and technical basis for the models, select models appropriate for a desired use, and understand the level of confidence which can be placed on the results predicted by the models. Adequate evaluation will help prevent the unintentional misuse of fire models.  
5.3 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with other guides under development by Committee E05. It is intended for use by:  
5.3.1 Model Developers—To document the usefulness of a particular calculation method perhaps for specific applications. Part of model development includes identification of precision and limits of applicability, and independent testing.  
5.3.2 Model Users—To assure themselves that they are using an appropriate model for an application and that it provides adequate accuracy.  
5.3.3 Developers of Model Performance Codes—To be sure that they are incorporating valid calculation procedures into codes.  
5.3.4 Approving Officials—To ensure that the results of calculations using mathematical models stating conformance to this guide, cited in a submission, show clearly that the model is used withi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The intent is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical models which might be used in evaluating the effects of fires in and on structures.  
1.2 The methodology is presented in terms of four areas of evaluation:  
1.2.1 Defining the model and scenarios for which the evaluation is to be conducted,  
1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis and assumptions used in the model,  
1.2.3 Verifying the mathematical and numerical robustness of the model, and  
1.2.4 Quantifying the uncertainty and accuracy of the model results in predicting of the course of events in similar fire scenarios.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Guide
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